Abstract
Particle physics is the branch of physics that studies the different fundamental particles in nature and how one type interacts with another. There are two classes of these particles based on their spin: fermions and bosons. Fermions have an odd-integer multiple of \(\frac {1}{2}\) spin and obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, and by the Fermi exclusion principle, two different fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state. Almost all of the ordinary objects with which humans interact are composed of fermions. Ignoring finer distinctions for the moment, only 12 elementary fermions are known, 6 leptons and 6 quarks, each of which can be subdivided into three generations with similar properties. Bosons, on the other hand, have an even-integer spin and obey Bose–Einstein statistics. Elementary bosons act as mediators between fermions and are the main carries of force in interaction, which could be either strong, weak, electromagnetic, or gravitational.
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Sarica, U. (2019). The Standard Model and the Higgs Boson at the LHC. In: Measurements of Higgs Boson Properties in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s =7, 8 and 13 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25474-2_1
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