Abstract
Organizations face an environment that is increasingly tumultuous. From global terrorism, armed conflicts, destructive cyberattacks, to a burgeoning human population and dwindling natural resources, the crisis has become continual and ubiquitous. This chapter explores the importance of crisis in healthy organizations using the book of Judges as a case study. Findings reveal that crises in ancient Israel were not entirely negative events, but rather they provided the potential for renewal, communication, the emergence of leadership, and opportunities to probe the status quo, values, and beliefs. Ancient Israel experienced continuous crises in the form of domination and oppression by other nations, war, and spiritual degeneration. God permitted and instigated crises but used charismatic-transformational leaders to deal with those challenges. These leaders, as adaptive leaders, embraced ambiguity, dared to take risks, and challenged the status quo. Organizational leaders need a mindset that is open to the “unorthodox” and “unconventional” when dealing with crises in the modern era. The study also confirmed that organizations need crises to foster resilience, build new levels of cooperation, overturn obsolete long-held norms, and enable the emergence of talent. The crisis is not only ubiquitous but is necessary for healthy organizations. Future research should explore the role of spirituality in organizational crisis. It is recommended that firms can prepare for crises by encouraging workplace spirituality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AFP News Agency. (2018, March 22). UK’s May to Urge EU Leaders to Unite Against Russia Threat. Retrieved from https://www.france24.com/en/20180322-uk-may-urge-eu-leaders-unite-against-russia-threat-spy-attack-sergei-skripal
Anthony, S. D. (2016, July 15). Kodak’s Downfall Wasn’t About Technology. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2016/07/kodaks-downfall-wasnt-about-technology
Ashkenas, R. (2010). Don’t Let Your Next Crisis Go to Waste. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2010/09/dont-let-your-next-crisis-go-t.html?cm_mmc=email-_-newsletter-_-management_tip-_-tip112210&referral=00203&utm_source=newsletter_management _tip&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=tip112210
Beeson, M., & Rosser, A. (1998). The East Asian Economic Crisis: A Brief Overview of the Facts, the Issues and the Future. Retrieved from https://www.murdoch.edu.au/Research-capabilities/Asia-Research-Centre/_document/working-papers/wp86.pdf
Benedict, A. C. (1994). After a Crisis: Restoring Community Relations. Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-16077407/after-a-crisis-restoring-community-relations
Bergen, R. D. (1996). 1, 2 Samuel: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, New American Commentary (Vol. 7). Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman.
Bernstein, J., & Bernstein, E. (2010). Take Advantage of Crises to Grow and Learn. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/blogs/crisis-management/2010/11/29/take-advantage-of-crises-to-grow-and-learn/
Billings, R. S., Milburn, T. W., & Schaalman, M. L. (1980). A Model of Crisis Perception: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 300–316.
Birmingham, C. (2017). Is Crisis a Catalyst for Organisational Growth? Retrieved from https://www.changeboard.com/article-details/15506/is-crisis-a-catalyst-for-organisational-growth-/
Bosley, L. C. C. (2016). The “New” Normal: Instability Risk Assessment in an Uncertainty-Based Strategic Environment. International Studies Review, 19(2), 206–227.
Burrows, M., Manning, R. A., & Daniels, O. (2018). Top Risks of 2018. Retrieved from https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/top-risks-of-2018
Butler, M. (2017, March 20). Is “Crisis-Ready” the New Normal in a Volatile World? Retrieved from https://pwc.blogs.com/ceoinsights/2017/03/is-crisis-ready-the-new-normal-in-a-volatile-world.html
Carruthers, C. K., & Wanamaker, M. H. (2017). Separate and Unequal in the Labor Market: Human Capital and the Jim Crow Wage Gap. Retrieved from http://web.utk.edu/~mwanamak/JOLEPaper.pdf
Cheney, P. (2018). The Rise of Japan: How the Car Industry Was Won. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/adventure/red-line/the-rise-ofjapan-how-the-car-industry-was-won/article27100187/
Clarke, A., & Earle, R. (1979). Adam Clarke: Commentary on the Whole Bible. Baker Book House. Retrieved from https://www.preteristarchive.com/Books/1810_clarke_commentary.html
Cole, B. (2018, March 21). Novichok Developer Vladimir Uglev Says There Is No Antidote and so Sergei Skripal and His Daughter Will Die. Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com/russian-novichok-developer-says-there-no-antidote-so-sergei-skripal-and-his-854500
Coombs, W. T. (2002). Deep and Surface Threats: Conceptual and Practical Implications for “Crisis” vs. “Problem”. Public Relations Review, 28(4), 339–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(02)00167-4
Crisis. (2018). In Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary. Retrieved March 26, 2018, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/crisis
Curran, E., & Dmitrieva, K. (2018, December 25). World Economy Is Set to Feel the Delayed Trade War Pain in 2019. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-25/world-economy-is-set-to-feel-the-delayed-trade-war-pain-in-2019
Cusumano, M. (1988). Manufacturing Innovation: Lessons from the Japanese Auto Industry. Retrieved from https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/manufacturing-innovation-lessons-from-the-japanese-auto-industry/
D’Aveni, R. A., & MacMillan, I. C. (1990). Crisis and the Content of Managerial Communications: A Study of the Focus of Attention of Top Managers in Surviving and Failing Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(4), 634. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393512
Deffinbaugh, B. (2009). Say It Again, Sam(uel): A Second Introduction to Judges (Judges 2:6–3:4). Retrieved from https://bible.org/seriespage/3-say-it-again-samuel-second-introduction-judges-judges-26-34
Elazar, D. J. (1996). The Book of Judges: The Israelite Tribal Federation and Its Discontents. Retrieved from https://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles/judges.htm
Ellicott, C. J., & Bowdle, D. N. (1971). Ellicott’s Bible Commentary: In 1 Volume. A Verse-by-Verse Explanation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.
Fink, S. (2002). Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable. iUniverse. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.ug/books?id=hVtqPAAACAAJ&dq=Crisis+Management:+Planning+for+the+Inevitable&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjXiJrPn5raAhVTrRQKHRgSBlAQ6AEIJTAA
Fischer, S. (2015). The Fed – What Have We Learned from the Crises of the Last 20 Years? Retrieved from https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/ fischer20150601a.htm
Fragouli, E. (2016). Leading Business Organizations in the Global Era: Decision Making in Chaos and Crisis Situations. Journal of Economics and Business, XIX(2), 73–89. Retrieved from https://www.u-picardie.fr/eastwest/fichiers/art205.pdf
Friedrich, K., & Delitzsch, F. (1854). Judges 2:13: So They Forsook the… – Verse-by-Verse Commentary. Retrieved from https://www.studylight.org/commentary/judges/2-13.html
Galston, W. A. (2018, March 8). The Rise of European Populism and the Collapse of the Center-Left. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/03/08/the-rise-of-european-populism-and-the-collapse-of-the-center-left/
Garsiel, M. (2011). The Book of Samuel: Its Composition, Structure and Significance as a Historiographical Source. Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. https://doi.org/10.5508/jhs.2010.v10.a5
Goldsmith, M. (2008). Preparing Your Company for a Crisis. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2008/09/preparing-your-company-for-a-crisis
Gordon, I. (2018). Book of Judges Bible Study Outline – The Cycle of Sin. Retrieved from http://www.jesusplusnothing.com/studies/online/judges1.htm
Gross, W. (2009). HThKAT Judges Commentary. Freiburg, Germany: Herder. Retrieved from http://doc1.lbfl.li/aaw/FLMA166839.pdf
Harrison, M. J. (2018, September 11). The Crisis by M. John Harrison. Retrieved from https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/crisis-m-john-harrison/
Hearit, K. M. (1994). Apologies and Public Relations Crises at Chrysler, Toshiba, and Volvo. Public Relations Review, 20(2), 113–125.
Heifetz, R., Grashow, A., & Linsky, M. (2009). Leadership in a (Permanent) Crisis. Harvard Business Review, 87(7/8), 62–69.
Herrero, A. G., & Pratt, C. B. (1996). An Integrated Symmetrical Model for Crisis-Communications Management. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(2), 79–105. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0802_01
Hileman, D. (2018, April 18). Institute for Crisis Management Releases 2017 Annual Crisis Report. Retrieved from http://www.prweb.com/releases/2018/04/prweb15417224.htm
Hillers, D. R. (1969). Covenant: The History of a Biblical Idea. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Hwang, P., & Lichtenthal, J. D. (2000). Anatomy of Organizational Crises. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bfff/70e20859867022f27a2558ac7c44a4279323.pdf
Hyman, R. (2017). Editorial. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 23(1), 3–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680117698319
Infante, D. A., Rancer, A. S., & Womack, D. F. (1997). Building Communication Theory. Retrieved from https://philpapers.org/rec/INFBCT
James, E. H., & Wooten, L. P. (2004). Leadership in Turbulent Times: Competencies for Thriving Amidst Crisis (Darden Business School Working Paper No. 04-04). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.555966
Jamieson, R., Fausset, A., & Brown, D. (1878). Bible Commentary Critical and Explanatory. Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/jamieson-fausset-brown/
Jaques, T. (2007). Issue Management and Crisis Management: An Integrated, Non-linear, Relational Construct. Citation: Public Relations Review, 33(2), 147–157. Retrieved from http://www.issueoutcomes.com.au/Websites/issueoutcomes/Images/Relational model PRR.pdf
Karaganov, S. (2018). The New Cold War and the Emerging Greater Eurasia. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 9(2), 85–93.
Kim, E. J. (2013). A Parallel Structure Between the Jacob Narrative (Gen 25: 19–37: 1) and the Joseph Narrative (Gen 37: 2–50: 26): The Purpose of God’s Election of the Patriarch (Doctoral Dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database.
Langan-Riekhof, M., Avanni, A., & Janetti, A. (2017). Sometimes the World Needs a Crisis: Turning Challenges into Opportunities. Brookings, 20(1), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/01636609709550235
Lerbinger, O. (2011). The Crisis Manager: Facing Risk and Responsibility. London: Routledge.
Littlejohn, R. F. (1983). Crisis Management: A Team Approach. New York: AMA Membership Publications Division.
MacIntyre, A. J., Pempel, T. J., & Ravenhill, J. (2008). Crisis as Catalyst: Asia’s Dynamic Political Economy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Magennis, F. (2012). First and Second Samuel (Vol. 8). Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.
Meyers, G. C., & Holusha, J. (2018). Managing Crisis: A Positive Approach. London: Routledge.
MItroff, I. I. (2005). Why Some Companies Emerge Stronger and Better from a Crisis: 7 Essential Lessons for Surviving Disaster. New York: AMACOM.
O’Keefe, K. (2011). Cure for the Continuous Crisis: Adaptive Leadership. CEB Blogs. Retrieved March 27, 2018, from https://www.cebglobal.com/blogs/cure-for-the-continuous-crisis-adaptive-leadership/
PwC Global. (2017). Welcome to the Crisis Era. Are You Ready? Retrieved January 9, 2019, from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/ceo-agenda/pulse/crisis.html
Redlands Daily Facts. (2007, January 11). Baal, Ashtoreth and Molech – God’s Old Testament Rivals. Retrieved from https://www.redlandsdailyfacts.com/2007/01/11/baal-ashtoreth-and-molech-gods-old-testament-rivals/
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations: Modifications of a Model for Telecommunications. In M. W. Stoetzer & A. Mahler (Eds.), Die diffusion von innovationen in der telekommunikation (pp. 25–38). Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Schwartz, M. (2011, October 20). Turning Crisis into Opportunity: Steve Jobs Did It. Now It’s Your Turn. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shift-mind/201110/turning-crisis-opportunity
Sellnow, T. L., Ulmer, R. R., & Snider, M. (1998). The Compatibility of Corrective Action in Organizational Crisis Communication. Communication Quarterly, 46(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463379809370084
Swindoll, C. (2017). Book of Judges Overview. Retrieved from https://www.insight.org/resources/bible/the-historical-books/judges
Takada, M. (1999, March 23). Japan’s Economic Miracle: Underlying Factors and Strategies for the Growth. Retrieved from http://www.lehigh.edu/~rfw1/courses/1999/spring/ir163/Papers/pdf/mat5.pdf
Taylor, E. (2017). The Crisis Is God’s Tool to Get More of You. Retrieved March 26, 2018, from http://edtaylor.org/2017/12/18/the-crisis-is-gods-tool-to-get-more-of-you/
Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., & Seeger, M. W. (2013). Effective Crisis Communication: Moving from Crisis to Opportunity. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.ug/books?id=EUsXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=crisis+provides+an+opportunity+to+communicate&source=bl&ots=No-5sAqhGr&sig=CKpKs8YgvBk-8V_CSB4YF9i7VVM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCu8XJx47aAhWLBZoKHYBgCokQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=crisis pro
Webb, B. G. (2013). The Book of Judges. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. Retrieved from http://pv5wz3vx2f.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.title=The+Book+of+Judges&rft.au=Webb%2C+
Wesley, J. (1765). Commentary on Judges 2:11. Retrieved March 30, 2018, from https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/wesleys-explanatory-notes/
Whedon, D. (1909). Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (Vol. 14). Grand Rapids, MI: Hunt & Eaton. Retrieved from https://www.logos.com/product/25780/whedons-commentary-on-the-old-and-new-testaments
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wantaate, F. (2020). The Importance of Crisis in Healthy Organizations: A Case Study of Judges 3:1–5. In: Winston, B.E. (eds) Leadership Growth Through Crisis. Christian Faith Perspectives in Leadership and Business. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25439-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25439-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25438-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25439-1
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)