Skip to main content

Behavioral Operational Research in Portfolio Selection

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Behavioral Operational Research

Abstract

Portfolio selection is the science of using operational research methods and techniques to select the best possible mix of assets in order to achieve the highest expected return while bearing the lowest risk. In this chapter we look at how this happens with the frame of Behavioral Operational Research (BOR). First we highlight the importance of BOR in portfolio optimization using cues from decision theory and psychology. Second we discuss the effects of behavior on portfolio optimization. We distinguish these effects as “structural” and “elemental”. Structural effects are caused by behavioral biases that change the structure of portfolio models. Elemental effects are those caused by behavioral biases that may affect variables, and parameters but not the structure of portfolio models. Third, we discuss how BOR can contain the above mentioned effects by discussing each piece of portfolio models individually and as a whole: expected return, risk, behavioral biases. Finally, we briefly review implications of our chapter and summarize our remarks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acerbi, C. (2002). Spectral measures of risk: A coherent representation of subjective risk aversion. Journal of Banking & Finance, 26, 1505–1518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, G. J., & Baptista, A. M. (2011). Portfolio selection with mental accounts and delegation. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35, 2637–2656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, G. J., Baptista, A. M., & Yan, S. (2017). Portfolio selection with mental accounts and estimation risk. Journal of Empirical Finance, 41(March), 161–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J.-M., & Heath, D. (1999). Coherent measures of risk. Mathematical Finance, 9(3), 203–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, W., Kumar, A., & Ng, D. (2011). Behavioral biases of mutual fund investors. Journal of Financial Economics, 102(1), 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baptista, A. M. (2012). Portfolio selection with mental accounts and background risk. Journal of Banking and Finance, 36(4), 968–980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2001). The internet and the investor. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(1), 41–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkelaar, A. B., Kouwenberg, R., & Post, T. (2004). Optimal portfolio choice under loss aversion. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(4), 937–987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, F., & Litterman, R. (1991). Asset allocation: Combining investor views with market equilibrium. The Journal of Fixed Income, 1(2), 7–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, M., & Wang, K. (2003). Time-varying risk aversion and unexpected inflation. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(7), 1457–1498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunel, J. L. P. (2011). Goal-based wealth management in practice. The Journal of Wealth Management, 14(3), 17–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunnermeier, M., & Nagel, S. (2008). Do wealth fluctuations generate time-varying risk aversion? Micro-evidence on individuals’ asset allocation (digest summary). American Economic Review, 98(3), 713–736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G., & Kim, K. (2007). Trading performance, disposition effect, overconfidence, representativeness bias, and experience of emerging market investors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 20(4), 425–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cillo, A., & Delquié, P. (2014). Mean-risk analysis with enhanced behavioral content. European Journal of Operational Research, 239(3), 764–775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Da Silva, A. (2009). The Black-Litterman model for active portfolio management. Journal of Portfolio Management, 35(2), 61–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das, S., Markowitz, H., Scheid, J., & Statman, M. (2010). Portfolio optimization with mental accounts. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45(02), 311–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowd, K., & Cotter, J. (2007). Exponential Spectral Risk Measures. Available at SSRN https://ssrn.com/abstract=998456.

  • Dowd, K., Cotter, J., & Sorwar, G. (2008). Spectral risk measures: Properties and limitations. Journal of Financial Services Research, 34(1), 61–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabozzi, F. J., Huang, D., & Zhou, G. (2010). Robust portfolios: Contributions from operations research and finance. Annals of Operations Research, 176, 191–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabozzi, F. J., Kolm, P. N., Pachamanova, D. A., & Focardi, S. M. (2007). Robust Portfolio Optimization and Management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fellner, G. (2009). Illusion of control as a source of poor diversification: Experimental evidence. The Journal of Behavioral Finance, 10(1), 55–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fennema, H., & Wakker, P. (1997). Original and cumulative prospect theory: A discussion of empirical differences. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 10(1), 53–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garbade, K. (1986). Assessing risk and capital adequacy for Treasury securities. In Topics in Money and Securities Markets. New York: Bankers Trust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grable, J., Lytton, R., & O’Neill, B. (2006). Risk tolerance, projection bias, vividness, and equity prices. The Journal of Investing, 15(2), 68–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grootveld, H., & Hallerbach, W. G. (2004). Upgrading value-at-risk from diagnostic metric to decision variable: A wise thing to do? In G. Szegö (Ed.), Risk Measures for the 21st Century (pp. 33–50). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guiso, L., & Paiella, M. (2008). Risk aversion, wealth, and background risk. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(6), 1109–1150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halek, M., & Eisenhauer, J. (2001). Demography of risk aversion. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 68(1), 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, C., & Laury, S. (2002). Risk aversion and incentive effects. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1644–1655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorion, P. (2007). Value at Risk: The New Benchmark for Managing Financial Risk (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 47(2), 263–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalyvas, L., Dritsakis, N., & Gross, C. (1996). Selecting value-at-risk methods according to their hidden characteristics. Operational Research, 4(2), 167–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leavens, D. H. (1945). Diversification of investments. Trusts and Estates, 80(5), 469–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Momen, O., Esfahanipour, A., & Seifi, A. (2016, January 25–26). Revised mental accounting: A behavioral portfolio selection. In 12th International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE 2016). Tehran, Iran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Momen, O., Esfahanipour, A., & Seifi, A. (2017a). Prescriptive portfolio selection: A compromise between fast and slow thinking. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 9(2), 98–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Momen, O., Esfahanipour, A., & Seifi, A. (2017b). A robust behavioral portfolio selection: With investor attitudes and biases. Operational Research, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-017-0330-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12351-017-0330-9#citeas.

  • Momen, O., Esfahanipour, A., & Seifi, A. (2019a). Collective mental accounting: An integrated behavioural portfolio selection model for multiple mental accounts. Quantitative Finance, 19(2), 265–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Momen, O., Esfahanipour, A., & Seifi, A. (2019b). Portfolio selection model with robust estimators considering behavioral biases in a causal network. RAIRO—Operations Research, 53(2), 577–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevins, D. (2004). Goals-based investing: Integrating traditional and behavioral finance. The Journal of Wealth Management, 6(4), 8–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordén, L. (2010). Individual home bias, portfolio churning and performance. The European Journal of Finance, 16(4), 329–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odean, T. (1998). Volume, volatility, price, and profit when all traders are above average. The Journal of Finance, 53(6), 1887–1934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odean, T. (1999). Do investors trade too much? American Economic Association, 89(5), 1279–1298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, C. H., & Statman, M. (2012). Questionnaires of risk tolerance, regret, overconfidence, and other investor propensities. Journal of Investment Consulting, 13(1), 54–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompian, M. M. (2012). Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management: How to Build Optimal Portfolios That Account for Investor Biases (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Raiffa, H. (1968). Decision Analysis: Introductory Lectures on Choices Under Uncertainty. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockafellar, R. T., & Uryasev, S. (2000). Optimization of conditional value-at-risk. Journal of Risk, 2(3), 21–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russo, J. E., & Schoemaker, P. J. (1992). Managing overconfidence. Sloan Management Review, 33(2), 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahm, C. R. (2012). How much does risk tolerance change? Quarterly Journal of Finance, 2(4), 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheines, R., Spirtes, P., & Glymour, C. (1998). The TETRAD project: Constraint based aids to causal model specification. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 33(1), 65–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shefrin, H. (2010). Behavioral portfolio selection. Encyclopedia of Quantitative Finance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shefrin, H., & Statman, M. (2000). Behavioral portfolio theory. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 35(02), 127–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siebenmorgen, N., & Weber, M. (2003). A behavioral model for asset allocation. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 17(1), 15–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sjöberg, L., & Engelberg, E. (2009). Attitudes to economic risk taking, sensation seeking and values of business students specializing in finance. The Journal of Behavioral Finance, 10(1), 33–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (2000). Causation, Prediction, and Search. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statman, M. (2004). Behavioral portfolios: Hope for riches and protection from poverty (pp. 67–80, Pension Research Council Working Paper).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Statman, M., Thorley, S., & Vorkink, K. (2006). Investor overconfidence and trading volume. Review of Financial Studies, 19(4), 1531–1565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler, R. (1999). Mental accounting matters. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12(3), 183–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Omid Momen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Momen, O. (2020). Behavioral Operational Research in Portfolio Selection. In: White, L., Kunc, M., Burger, K., Malpass, J. (eds) Behavioral Operational Research. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25405-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics