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Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs pp 141–178Cite as

Heterogeneity of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1169))

Abstract

Cardiac biology and heart regeneration have been intensively investigated and debated in the last 15 years. Nowadays, the well-established and old dogma that the adult heart lacks of any myocyte-regenerative capacity has been firmly overturned by the evidence of cardiomyocyte renewal throughout the mammalian life as part of normal organ cell homeostasis, which is increased in response to injury. Concurrently, reproducible evidences from independent laboratories have convincingly shown that the adult heart possesses a pool of multipotent cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs or CPCs) capable of sustaining cardiomyocyte and vascular tissue refreshment after injury. CSC transplantation in animal models displays an effective regenerative potential and may be helpful to treat chronic heart failure (CHF), obviating at the poor/modest results using non-cardiac cells in clinical trials. Nevertheless, the degree/significance of cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart, which is insufficient to regenerate extensive damage from ischemic and non-ischemic origin, remains strongly disputed. Concurrently, different methodologies used to detect CSCs in situ have created the paradox of the adult heart harboring more than seven different cardiac progenitor populations. The latter was likely secondary to the intrinsic heterogeneity of any regenerative cell agent in an adult tissue but also to the confusion created by the heterogeneity of the cell population identified by a single cell marker used to detect the CSCs in situ. On the other hand, some recent studies using genetic fate mapping strategies claimed that CSCs are an irrelevant endogenous source of new cardiomyocytes in the adult. On the basis of these contradictory findings, here we critically reviewed the available data on adult CSC biology and their role in myocardial cell homeostasis and repair.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy

    Mariangela Scalise, Fabiola Marino, Eleonora Cianflone, Teresa Mancuso, Pina Marotta, Iolanda Aquila, Bernardo Nadal-Ginard & Daniele Torella

  2. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy

    Michele Torella

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  1. Mariangela Scalise
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  2. Fabiola Marino
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  3. Eleonora Cianflone
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  4. Teresa Mancuso
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  5. Pina Marotta
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  6. Iolanda Aquila
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  8. Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
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  9. Daniele Torella
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Correspondence to Daniele Torella .

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  1. Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Scalise, M. et al. (2019). Heterogeneity of Adult Cardiac Stem Cells. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1169. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_8

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