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Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] Breeding

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes

Abstract

Cluster bean is an important leguminous annual crop of arid and semiarid regions of northwestern India, mainly in Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab. India contributes about 80% of the global cluster bean production. It is a source of gum (guar gum/galactomannan), a natural hydrocolloid having unique qualities and wide applicability. It is a highly self-pollinated crop with very limited outcrossing. Limited genetic diversity for the different traits coupled with yield losses caused by different biotic and abiotic stresses have constrained intensive breeding efforts of this crop. Despite these limitations, progress has been achieved by exploiting the available diversity and different breeding methods like pedigree selection in the cluster bean improvement program with good results. Hybridization has not been successful due to the small, delicate flower resulting in a low percentage of hybrid seed setting. Mutation breeding has helped to generate some genetic variability in certain important traits, but it has had limited impact on cluster-bean breeding. DNA-based molecular markers are being extensively used in genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic studies. Efforts are also underway to develop genomic resources (SSR and SNP markers) that could be used in cluster-bean breeding. Limited transcriptomic and mi-RNA studies have also been recently reported. With the availability of advanced molecular tools it would be feasible to develop resources to aid in high-yielding, cluster-bean varieties with moderate to high gum content for a much preferred export commodity.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Breeding, ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad, India

    Aravind Kumar Jukanti & Chiranjeevi Mushyam

  2. ICAR-CAZRI, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

    Rakesh Pathak

Authors
  1. Aravind Kumar Jukanti
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  2. Rakesh Pathak
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  3. Chiranjeevi Mushyam
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

4.1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Related to Cluster Bean

Institution

Specialization and research activities

Website

Central Arid Zone Research Institute

Cluster bean collection, evaluation and breeding

http://www.cazri.res.in

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Cluster bean collection, evaluation, breeding and molecular characterization

http://www.aau.in

SKRAU, Bikaner

Cluster bean collection, evaluation and breeding

http://www.raubikaner.org

TNAU, Coimbatore

Cluster bean evaluation and breeding

http://www.tnau.ac.in

CCSHAU, Hisar

Cluster bean collection, evaluation and breeding

http:/www.hau.ac.in

PJTSAU, Hyderabad

Cluster bean evaluation and breeding

http://www.pjtsau.ac.in

ANGRAU, Gunutr

Cluster bean evaluation and breeding

https://www.angrau.ac.in

Banasthali University

Cluster bean evaluation and breeding

http://www.banasthali.org

NRCPB, New Delhi

Cluster bean evaluation and molecular characterization

http://www.nrcpb.res.in

NBPGR, New Delhi

Cluster bean collection, evaluation, and characterization

http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in

AU, Jodhpur

Cluster bean collection, evaluation, and characterization

http://www.aujodhpur.ac.in

SK Dantewada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar

Cluster bean collection, evaluation and breeding

http://www.sdau.edu.in

SKNAU, Jobner

Cluster bean collection, evaluation and breeding

http://www.sknau.ac.in

RARI, Durgapura

Cluster bean collection, evaluation and breeding

http://www.raridurgapura.org

4.1.2 Appendix II: Cluster Bean Genetic Resources

Cultivar

Important traits

Yield (q/ha)

Cultivation location

RGC-936

Early maturing (85–90 days) branched variety suitable for rainfed and irrigated conditions. Also, resistant to multiple diseases.

8–10

India

RGC-1002

Early maturing (80–90 days) branched variety with toothed (along margins) leaves. This variety is suitable for rainfed and irrigated conditions.

10–12

Arid zones of India

RGC-1003

Branched variety with smooth leaf margins. It is suitable to rainfed conditions. Gum content in seed is ~30.0%.

10–12

India

RGC-1066

This variety is single stemmed, erect and bold seeded. Flowers are usually purplish in color. It is suitable for kharif (rainy season) and summer cultivation.

10–15

Rajasthan, India

HG-365

It has brisk podding behavior. This variety is suitable for summer and rainfed conditions.

12–15

Madhya Pradesh and Haryana, India

HG 2–20

This variety can be grown under rainfed, irrigated or summer conditions. It is a branched and bold seeded variety.

12–15

Northern India

GC-1

Branched variety suitable for low fertile soils with good plant height (80–100 cm).

10–12

Gujarat, India

RGC-1017

Branched variety with trifoliate and toothed leaves.

12–14

India

HGS 563

Variety with brisk podding ability, pink colored flowers and high seed gum content (33%).

12–13

Haryana, India

RGM-112

Branched type with moderate resistance to bacterial leaf blight and root rot.

12–14

Rajasthan, India

RCG-1038

Branched variety with heavy podding ability and probably photo insensitive.

12–15

India

Esser

Medium to late maturing variety with good disease resistance

9–14

USA

Lewis

Medium to late maturing variety with high yielding ability

11–16

USA

Kinman

Early maturing type with resistance to bacterial leaf blight and Alternaria leaf spot.

7–13

USA

Sant Cruz

Sparsely branching, indeterminate and glabrous cultivar suitable for high altitudes.

20

High altitude regions in USA

BR-99

Early maturing variety, single stemmed with high yielding potential. Suitable for irrigated and non-irrigated conditions.

~20

Punjab Province, Pakistan

BR-90

Single stemmed variety with upright growth habit and glabrous leaves. Useful for seed and fodder purpose.

~13

Pakistan

  1. Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, India http://farmer.gov.in; Seednet India Portal https://seednet.gov.in; Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, India; http://mkisan.gov.in; Alternative Field Crop Manual, New Crop Resource Online, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/guar.html; Saleem et al. (2002)

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Jukanti, A.K., Pathak, R., Mushyam, C. (2019). Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23400-3_4

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