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Chemistry and Toxicology Behind Insecticides and Herbicides

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Book cover Controlled Release of Pesticides for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Pesticides are chemicals used around the globe to kill, reduce, or repel whatever organism capable of threatening public health or economy. Although essential to maintain agricultural production, these compounds target systems or enzymes on the intended organism that are often similar or even the same present in other living beings. Furthermore, a considerable range of pesticides is environmentally persistent and has bioaccumulation characteristics. Even after some of the pesticides have been banned and prohibited from use, these can still be found accumulated in the environment, threatening the health and even life. Hence, the understanding of how the insecticides and herbicides mode of action work and how these chemicals can negatively affect their surrounding is essential. In this chapter, an overview of chemical aspects, uses, environmental persistence, and human toxicity concerning herbicides and insecticides will be presented.

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Acknowledgements

S. Sousa, M. L. Maia, and V. C. Fernandes are grateful to FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) for the Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/137516/2018), Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/128817/2017) and Postdoc grant (SFRH/BPD/109153/2015), respectively. This work received financial support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds (UID/QUI/50006/2019). The authors would also like to thank the EU and FCT for funding through the projects: FOODnanoHEALTH—Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar—uma abordagem (nano)tecnológica (Portugal2020, Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000011). The authors would also like to thank the EU and FCT/UEFISCDI, Romania/The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), Sweden for funding, in the frame of the collaborative international consortium REWATER financed under the ERA-NET Cofund WaterWorks2015 Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2016 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI).

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  1. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    S. Sousa, M. L. Maia, L. Correira-Sá, V. C. Fernandes, C. Delerue-Matos & V. F. Domingues

  2. Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde—CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal

    C. Calhau

  3. Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal

    C. Calhau

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    Sabu Thomas

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    Tatiana Volova

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    Jayachandran K.

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Sousa, S. et al. (2020). Chemistry and Toxicology Behind Insecticides and Herbicides. In: K. R., R., Thomas, S., Volova, T., K., J. (eds) Controlled Release of Pesticides for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23396-9_3

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