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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops pp 363–406Cite as

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.): Breeding and Genomics

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Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is cultivated and credited worldwide for its ability to synthesize and store exceptionally high concentration of sucrose. Since prehistoric times sugarcane cultivation has undergone many transformations into present-day noble cane. Initially, selection of desirable clones and interspecific hybrids brought many agronomically-useful traits into the cultivated species. Wild related species played a major role as the donor for most of the desirable traits through gene introgression. Pre-breeding strategies and intergeneric hybridization have played a crucial role in development of noble high-yielding canes. Cultivated sugarcane has been further enriched with other valuable traits such as high fiber, high fermentable sugar and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite its genomic complexity, crossability barriers within the genus, long breeding and selection cycles, etc., remarkable progress has been achieved to develop a wide range of cultivars, hybrids and mutants suitable for different agroclimatic conditions. Germplasm collections, preservation and their utilization for development of an ideotype bearing desirable traits has become a research priority. For this purpose, molecular-marker tools are acting as potential drivers during pre-breeding and selection of desirable progenies. Supplementary tools such as in vitro culture, isolation of somaclones, induced mutagenesis and transgenics have played an essential role in the generation of novel genetic variability. In recent decades much emphasis has been given to enrich sugarcane breeding strategies; however, future avenues need to be focused on the utilization of inexhaustible and wealthy sugarcane genomic resources and advancements made through biotechnological interventions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Pimpri, Pune, India

    Shriram J. Mirajkar

  2. Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Rachayya M. Devarumath & Harinath Babu

  3. Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Ashok A. Nikam

  4. Sugarcane Breeding Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Kapil V. Sushir

  5. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

    Penna Suprasanna

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  6. Penna Suprasanna
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  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Sugarcane

Institution

Specialization and research activities

Contact information and website

Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Coimbatore, India

Research and development pertaining to sugarcane crop improvement

ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute

Coimbatore – 641,007 India.

E-mail: director@sugarcane.res.in

Website: http://sugarcane.icar.gov.in

Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR), Lucknow, India

Researches and development on fundamental and applied aspects of sugarcane cultivation

Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research

Raibareli Road, P.O. Dilkusha,

Lucknow – 226,002 India.

Email: director.sugarcane@icar.gov.in

Website: http://www.iisr.nic.in

Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI), Pune, India

Scientific, technical and educational functions relevant to the sugarcane cultivation and sugar industry

Vasantdada Sugar Institute

Manjari Budruk, Pune – 412,307, India.

Email: vsilib@vsnl.com, webmaster@vsisugar.com

Website: http://www.vsisugar.com

Sugar Research Australia (SRA), Queensland, Australia

Invests and manages portfolios of research, development and adoption projects that drive productivity, profitability and sustainability for the Australian sugarcane industry

Sugar Research Australia

PO Box 86, 50 Meiers Road,

Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia

Email: sra@sugarresearch.com.au

Website: https://sugarresearch.com.au/

South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI), South Africa

Research and extension work pertaining to varietal improvement, crop protection, crop performance and management, and systems design and optimization

170 Flanders Drive, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa

Email: sasri@sugar.org.za

Website: https://sasri.org.za/

Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC), Brazil

Sugarcane breeding, rigorous testing and selection for identification of disease resistant varieties. Also employs advanced biotechnology techniques to develop insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane varieties

Fazenda Santo Antônio, S/N, Bairro Santo Antônio

Piracicaba – SP – CEP 13400-970

Caixa Postal 162, Brazil

Website: http://new.ctc.com.br/en/

Email: comunicacao@ctc.com.br

Philippine Sugar Research Institute Foundation (PHILSURIN), Inc., Philippines

Sugarcane research, development and extension activities with the aims to promote the growth and development of the sugar industry through greater and significant participation of the private sector

Rm. 1403, 14th Security Bank Centre, 6776, Ayala Avenue, Makati City, PHILSURIN Experiment Station, VICMICO Cmpd, Victorias City, Makati City/Victorias City, 1226/6119, Philippines

Website: http://philsurin.org.ph/

Email: info@philsurin.org.ph

Sugar Processing Research Institute (SPRI), Inc., USA

Aims to develop processes and analytical methods to increase yield and productivity, to develop innovative processes or technologies and to provide trainings for its members and the international sugar industry

1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd.

New Orleans LA, 70124-4305, USA

Website: http://spriinc.org/

Email: charley@sugarjournal.com

1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Indian Sugarcane

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

Co 86249 (Bhavani)

Mid-late variety of tropical India

Moderately resistant to red rot, smut and rust

Tolerant to drought and pests

Erect, medium thick canes with good ratooning Suitable for growing during October and January/February

Cane yield: 104.25 mt/ha

Sucrose content: 18.71%

CCS yield: 14.3 mt/ha

Fiber content: 14.27%

Parentage: CoJ 64 x CoA 7601

Year of identification: 1997

Year of release and notification: 2000

East-coast zone of India (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orrisa)

Co 2001-13 (Sulabh)

Mid-late variety

High tillering with good rationing

Good for jaggery quality

Resistant to red rot and moderately resistant to smut

Tolerant to drought and salinity

Cane yield: 108.6 mt/ha

Sucrose content: 19.03%

CCS yield: 14.73 mt/ha

Fiber content: 13.43%

Parentage: Co 7806 PC

Year of identification: 2008

Year of release and notification: 2009

Recommended for peninsular zone (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, interior of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh)

Co 238 (Karan 4)

An early maturing variety of subtropical zone

Moderately resistant to red rot disease

Tolerant to low temperature, water stress and waterlogging

Good ratoonability in winter season

Cane yield: 81.1 mt/ha

Sucrose content: 18.0%

CCS yield: 9.95 mt/ha

Fiber content: 13.05%

Parentage: CoLk 8102 x Co 775

Year of identification: 2008

Year of release and notification: 2009

Recommended for cultivation in North western zones of India (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Western and central Uttar Pradesh)

Co 98014 (Karan-1)

An early variety (spring planting)

Resistant or moderately resistant to red rot disease

Tolerant to drought and water logging, suitable for co-generation

Cane yield: 76.29 mt/ha

Sucrose content: 17.59%

CCS yield: 9.26 mt/ha

Parentage: Co 8316 x Co 8213

Year of identification: 2006

Year of release and notification: 2007

Suited to north western zone of India (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Central and western Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand)

Co 0118 (Karan 112)

Early maturing variety of subtropical zone

Non-logging and non-flowering variety

Tolerant to water stress and water logging

Resistant to red rot and wilt

Medium cane thickness

Cane yield: 78.20 mt/ha

Sucrose content: 18.45%

CCS yield: 9.88 mt/ha

Fiber content: 12.78%

Parentage: Co 8347 x Co 86011

Year of identification: 2008

Year of release and notification: 2009

Recommended for cultivation in North western zones of India (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Western and central Uttar Pradesh)

Co 99004 (Damodar)

A mid-late variety with shy flowering habit

Resistant to red rot and wilt diseases

Tolerant to drought and salinity conditions

Tolerant to internode borer

Suitable for good quality jaggery making

Cane yield: 116.69 mt/ha

Sucrose at 12th month: 16.83%

CCS yield: 18.76 mt/ha

Fiber content: 14%

Parentage: Co 62175 and Co 86250

Year of identification: 2006

Year of release and notification: 2007

Suited to peninsular India (Gujarat, Maharashtra, interior Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala)

CoM 265 (Phule 265)

Mid-late variety suitable for areas with less availability irrigation water

Moderately susceptible to red rot and wilt diseases, Resistant to smut disease

High ratoon yield potential

Cane yield: 199.80 mt/ha

Sucrose at 12th month: 19.33%

CCS yield: 21.79 mt/ha

Fiber content: 14%

Parentage: Co 87044 GC

Year of identification: 2009

Recommended for peninsular zone of India (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, interior of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh)

CoC 671 (Vasant-1)

Early maturity

High quality cane, suitable for jaggery making

Susceptible to red rot disease

Cane yield: 135 mt/ha

Sucrose yield: 19.50%

CCS yield: 17.50 mt/ha

Parentage: Q 63 x Co 775

Year of identification: 1982

Recommended in the states of east coast and peninsular zones of India (Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, Interior of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh)

Co 86032 (Nayana)

Mid-late maturity

Resistant to smut, field tolerant to red rot and moderately resistant wilt diseases

Tolerant to drought conditions

Cane yield: 102 mt/ha

Sucrose yield: 20.10%

CCS yield: 14.44 mt/ha

Parentage: Co 62198 X CoC 671

Year of identification: 1994

Year of release and notification: 2000

Recommended for peninsular zone of India (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, interior of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh)

Co 09004 (Amritha)

Early maturity

Tolerant to drought and salinity

Moderately resistant to red rot, resistant to smut and yellow leaf disease

Cane yield: 109.85 mt/ha

Sucrose yield: 18.94%

CCS yield: 14.56 mt/ha

Parentage: CoC 671 X CoT 8201

Year of identification: 2017

Year of release and notification: 2017

Recommended for peninsular zone of India (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, interior of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh)

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Mirajkar, S.J., Devarumath, R.M., Nikam, A.A., Sushir, K.V., Babu, H., Suprasanna, P. (2019). Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.): Breeding and Genomics. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23265-8_11

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