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Role of the Post-translational Modifications of HSP60 in Disease

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Heat Shock Protein 60 in Human Diseases and Disorders

Part of the book series: Heat Shock Proteins ((HESP,volume 18))

Abstract

Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60) is primarily a chaperone protein responsible for refolding proteins in the mitochondria. Nevertheless it has numerous other pro- and anti-apoptotis and signalling functions which it achieves through a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Increasing evidence indicates that in disease states from cancer to systemic inflammation, such modifications become dysregulated, and as a result HSP60 cannot perform its functions. Understanding the biological role of these PTMs in healthy and disease states, the context in which they are generated and removed, as well as the mechanisms by which they can be targetted and modulated extraneously will help to provide better therapeutic solutions to deal with a wide range of conditions driven by stress-related processes.

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Abbreviations

ADAM:

A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase

aDMA:

asymmetric N,N-di-methylarginine

AdoMet:

S-adenosyl-L-methioinine

Akt:

protein kinase B

APCs:

antigen-presenting cells

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

β-O-GlyNAcylation:

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine

Bak:

BCL2 Antagonist/Killer 1

Bax:

BCL2-Associated X Protein

BCL2:

B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Lymphoma 2

BCL2-L1:

Bcl-2-Like Protein 1

CD:

cluster of differentiation

CLEC:

C-type lectin

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

Dox:

Doxorubicin

E1s:

ubiquitin-activating enzymes

E2s:

ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes

E3s:

ubiquitin ligases

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

ERB:

eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis protein

ETF:

electron transfer flavoprotein

ExAC:

Exome Aggregation Consortium

GA:

Geldanamycin

GPI anchor:

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor

H2B:

histone 2B

HATs:

histone acetyltransferases

HDACis:

Histone deacetylase inhibitors

HDACs:

histone deacetylases

HSE:

heat shock response element

HSF1:

heat shock factor 1

HSP:

heat shock protein/s

IL-1b:

interleukin-1b

iNOS:

inducible nitric oxide synthase

K:

lysine

KATs:

lysine acetyltransferases

KDACs:

lysine deacetylases

KO:

knock-out

M:

methionine

METTL:

Methyltransferase-like

MHC:

major histocompatibility complex

MIRKO:

muscle insulin receptor knockout

MMPs:

matrix metalloproteases

N:

asparagine

NAC:

N-acetyl-cysteine

NATs:

N-terminal acetyltransferases

NF-kB:

Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NKG2D:

Natural killer group 2 member D receptor

NO:

nitric oxide

NSP4:

nonstructural protein 4

PKA-I:

protein kinase A, type 1

PKMTs:

protein lysine methyltransferases

PRL-3:

phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3

PRMTs:

protein arginine methyltransferases

PTMs:

post-translational modifications

RNS:

reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

S:

serine

SAHA:

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid

SET:

Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax

SIRT:

sirtuin

SNP:

single nucleotide polymorphism

Src:

sarcoma

T:

threonine

TLR:

toll-like-receptor

ULBP2:

UL16 binding protein 2

Y:

tyrosine

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  1. Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta

    Byron Baron

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  1. Byron Baron
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Correspondence to Byron Baron .

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  1. Department of Medicine and Director, Precision Therapeutics Proteogenomics Diagnostic Center, Eleanor N. Dana Cancer Center, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA

    Alexzander A. A. Asea

  2. Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Punit Kaur

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Baron, B. (2019). Role of the Post-translational Modifications of HSP60 in Disease. In: Asea, A., Kaur, P. (eds) Heat Shock Protein 60 in Human Diseases and Disorders. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23154-5_6

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