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Botany of Mangroves

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Mangroves and Aquaculture

Part of the book series: Coastal Research Library ((COASTALRL,volume 33))

Abstract

Despite such harsh environmental conditions, mangroves have colonized the nearshore environment of much of the global tropical coastline. In doing so, mangrove forests have converted what is otherwise often barren coastlines into one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet. Measured regarding human livelihoods, carbon processing, fisheries support, erosion control, or biodiversity; mangrove forests are one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, yet they mangrove forests are historically one of the most underappreciated and misunderstood land cover types. This chapter examines the botany of mangroves. Section 1.1 describes the biology of mangroves with a focus on those present in Ecuador. Section 1.2 examines the dominant Ecuadorian mangrove that is Rhizophora mangle which is currently undergoing a taxonomic reclassification to Rhizophora samoensis. Section 1.3 delineates the global and Ecuadorian distribution of mangrove species. Section 1.4 examines current and past estimates of mangrove forest area for both global mangrove forests and Ecuadorian mangrove forests. Section 1.5 examines the role of mangrove forests in supporting the wider ecosystem that they inhabit. Section 1.6 focusses upon the role of mangrove forests in supporting wild fish fisheries and Sect 1.7 on the manner in which mangrove forests provided important livelihood options and other goods and services to the people that reside nearby. Section 1.8 elucidates on the role of mangrove forests in mitigating global climate change and recent advances in this critical arena.

To the land animal or plant, the sea is a hostile environment. High salinity, wave action, and fluctuating water levels present problems that are rarely experienced in terrestrial or freshwater habitats.

(Hogarth 2007 P. 1)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A halophyte is a plant adapted to growing in saline conditions, as in a salt marsh.

  2. 2.

    Any halophyte that can only tolerate relatively low concentrations of salt.

  3. 3.

    It should be noted that Hamilton and Casey (2016) calculate mangrove forest canopy cover as a percentage pixel cover. This leads to lower estimates than the other pixel presence or absence methodologes employed by all other authors in this list. When adjusted to a presence or absence pixel system, the global mangrove forest area changes for 2000 to 139,158 km2 (Hamilton et al. 2018).

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    Stuart E. Hamilton

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Hamilton, S.E. (2020). Botany of Mangroves. In: Mangroves and Aquaculture. Coastal Research Library, vol 33. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22240-6_1

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