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High Impulse Voltages

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High Voltage Measurement Techniques

Part of the book series: Power Systems ((POWSYS))

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Abstract

In power supply networks for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy at high voltage, transient voltages of more than 1 MV can occur due to lightning or switching operations. Because of their high magnitudes and short rise times, ranging from a fraction of a microsecond to milliseconds, the overvoltages cause enhanced stress on the insulation of the affected high-voltage apparatus, such as power transformers, switchgears, arrestors, insulators, power cables, etc. Therefore, before commissioning, each high-voltage apparatus must undergo acceptance tests with standardized impulse test voltages. The chapter introduces the standardized quantities and measurement methods and briefly describes the basic principles of impulse voltage generators. The various systems for measuring impulse voltages with resistive, capacitive or mixed voltage dividers and digital recorders are discussed in detail. The main focus is on digital measuring systems with computer-aided data processing that enable automated data acquisition, data filtering of impulses with overshoot, online monitoring and on-site tests. A well-founded measurement technique is essential and is achieved mainly by comparison measurement with a reference system. One important property of an impulse measuring system is its step response, which characterizes the transfer behavior. Short descriptions of analog measurement methods and devices that are still in use, including the standard sphere gap, are included. High impulse voltages are also used for applications in other fields of physics and engineering, such as plasma physics, electric spot-welding, electro-shock weapons, etc.

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  1. Formerly with the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Klaus Schon

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Schon, K. (2019). High Impulse Voltages. In: High Voltage Measurement Techniques. Power Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21770-9_4

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