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Physiology of the Endocannabinoid System During Development

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 1162)

Abstract

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system comprises endogenously produced cannabinoids (CBs), enzymes of their production and degradation, and CB-sensing receptors and transporters. The eCB system plays a critical role in virtually all stages of animal development. Studies on eCB system components and their physiological role have gained increasing attention with the rising legalization and medical use of marijuana products. The latter represent exogenous interventions that target the eCB system. This chapter summarizes knowledge in the field of CB contribution to gametogenesis, fertilization, embryo implantation, fetal development, birth, and adolescence-equivalent periods of ontogenesis. The material is complemented by the overview of data from our laboratory documenting the functional presence of the eCB system within cerebral arteries of baboons at different stages of development.

Keywords

Cannabis Cannabinoid Baboon Nonhuman primate Fetal artery Cerebral artery 

Abbreviations

ABHD4

α/β-hydrolase domain 4

AEA

anandamide

CB

cannabinoid

COX-2

cyclooxygenase-2

CP55,940

(-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol

DAGL

diacylglycerol lipase

eCB

endocannabinoid (system)

ERK

extracellular-signal-regulated kinase

FAAH

fatty acid amide hydrolase

GABA

gamma aminobutyric acid

LTP

long-term potentiation

MAPK

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAGL

monoacylglycerol lipase

NAE

N-acylethanolamine

NAPE

N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine

NAPE-PLD

 N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

THC

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol

TRP

transient receptor potential (protein, channel)

VGAT

vesicular GABA transporter

2-AG

2-arachidonoylglycerol.

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Notes

Acknowledgements

The author is thankful to Dr. Dejian Ma and Dr. Wei Li (Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center) for mass spectroscopy quantifications of cannabinoid levels in baboon blood and tissue samples. The author also extends gratitude to Dr. Syed Ali (US Food and Drug Administration) for critical reading of the manuscript and Dr. Richard Redfearn (Office of Scientific Writing, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center) for editorial assistance. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant number R21 AA022433 [ANB].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUSA

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