Abstract
This chapter draws together data from the entire sample of European countries analyzed in this study to reach conclusions about the comparative performances of co-operative and commercial joint-stock banks over time. It examines overall performance as well as the impact of network models, with their varying levels of strategic integration, to identify statistically significant differences in performance. Looking forward, it explores future challenges for the co-operative sector, with particular reference to digitalization and fintech, member engagement, and socially responsible governance models, and the current and potential future effects of the European prudential regulation.
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Notes
- 1.
This result is consistent with that of Becchetti et al. (2016) who demonstrate that over the period 1998–2010, CBs hold higher loans/total assets ratios than commercial banks. They also record a lower proportion of derivatives over total assets and a lower earnings volatility.
- 2.
From the 1980s onward, the supervision of Dutch CBs was performed by the central institution on a consolidated basis, along with the reporting of results to stakeholders.
- 3.
Financial Technology or Fintech may be defined as “the application of technology to the delivery of financing, payment, investment and consulting services” (Banca d’Italia 2017).
- 4.
See Facts & Figures for the year-end 2017 published by European Banking Federation (EBF), available at https://www.ebf.eu/facts-and-figures/.
- 5.
EACB’s figure for the year-end 2017.
- 6.
See Facts & Figures for the year-end 2017 published by European Banking Federation (EBF), available at https://www.ebf.eu/facts-and-figures/.
- 7.
Our calculations are based on data provided by EACB and by EBF.
- 8.
In contrast, members can try to influence the managerial decisions through their personal relationships with the administrators (Alexopoulos and Goglio 2011).
- 9.
European Parliament legislative resolution of 16 April 2019 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 as regards the leverage ratio, the net stable funding ratio, requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities, counterparty credit risk, market risk, exposures to central counterparties, exposures to collective investment undertakings, large exposures, reporting and disclosure requirements, and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012.
- 10.
European Parliament legislative resolution of 16 April 2019 on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2013/36/EU as regards exempted entities, financial holding companies, mixed financial holding companies, remuneration, supervisory measures, and powers and capital conservation measures.
- 11.
This is fully in line with the requests expressed by EACB in its Manifesto (2019) relating to the co-operative banks’ policy priorities for the 2019 European Parliament elections and the new European Commission. Available at http://v3.globalcube.net/clients/eacb/content/medias/publications/annual_reports/eacb_manifesto_2019_5_-compressed.pdf.
- 12.
In this regard, see the EACB’s Manifesto (2019).
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Poli, F. (2019). The Performance of Co-operative Banking Networks and the Challenges They Face. In: Co-operative Banking Networks in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21699-3_9
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