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Crash Density and Severity Prediction Using Recurrent Neural Networks Combined with Particle Swarm Optimization

  • Xinxin Xu
  • Ziqiang ZengEmail author
  • Yinhai Wang
  • John Ash
Conference paper
First Online:
  • 81 Downloads
Part of the Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1001)

Abstract

Predicting traffic crashes has been an important topic of traffic safety research for the past many years. This paper investigates the data from police crash reports provided by the Washington State Department of Transportation. The data consists of records of four years from January 2011 to December 2014 for three main interstate highways (including I-5, I-90, and I-405). A deep learning model using a recurrent neural network (RNN) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) is developed and employed to predict the crash density in different severity levels such as property damage only (PDO) and fatal-injury crashes, based on 48,154 crash records that have occurred. All the crash records are randomly divided into training set, validation set, and test set with the proportion ratio of 70, 15, and \(15\%\). The cross-validation is employed to prevent the model from over fit during the training period. A normalized probability-based PSO is designed for optimizing the identified significant factors which can improve the prediction accuracy. The weighted mean squared error (MSE) of the prediction result is employed to measure the performance of the developed model. Nine explanatory variables are selected from fifteen contributing factors. The proposed model is compared with generalized nonlinear model-based mixed multinomial logit approach (GNM-based mixed MNL). The results show that the new model has lower fatal-injury and PDO MSEs. Sensitivity analysis on the selected variables demonstrates the capability of the new model for generating interpretable parameters. The findings of this study provide new insights into the prediction of crash density and severity from the perspective of using roadway segment-based crash records.

Keywords

Crash density and severity Deep learning Recurrent neural network Particle swarm optimization Prediction 
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Notes

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71501137), the Humanities and Social Sciences Programs of Ministry of Education in China (Grant No. 17XJC790016), the project of Research Center for System Sciences and Enterprise Development (Grant No. Xq16B05), Sichuan University (Grant No. skqy201647), Soft Science Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department (Grant No. 2019JDR0167), and Sichuan Social Science Planning Project (Grant No. SC18TJ014). The authors would like to give our great appreciation to the editors and anonymous referees for their helpful and constructive comments and suggestions, which have helped to improve this article.

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Copyright information

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Authors and Affiliations

  • Xinxin Xu
    • 1
  • Ziqiang Zeng
    • 2
    Email author
  • Yinhai Wang
    • 3
  • John Ash
    • 3
  1. 1.Business SchoolChengdu UniversityChengduPeople’s Republic of China
  2. 2.Business SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduPeople’s Republic of China
  3. 3.Smart Transportation Applications and Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUSA

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