Abstract
On January 3, 2009 the cryptocurrency era began with the birth of Bitcoin. This chapter describes the history and the impact of cryptocurrencies and blockchain.
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Notes
- 1.
Using a newspaper as time-stamping procedure is not new. In certain kidnapping cases, to provide evidence that victims were alive at a specific point in time, a picture of them with the a newspaper was taken and sent to families.
- 2.
Episode 59 first aired on January 15, 2012.
- 3.
Named after a pirate of near-mythical reputation, a fictional character from William Goldman’s novel The Princess Bride (1973) and its 1987 film adaptation.
- 4.
See https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/apr/17/deutsche-bank-faces-action-over-20bn-russian-money-laundering-scheme (accessed April 17, 2019).
- 5.
At the time of writing on June 30, 2019.
- 6.
See for example https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/volume/24-hour (accessed June 30, 2019).
- 7.
The website SpendaBit http://spendbitcoins.com claims that more than 100,000 merchants accept Bitcoin.
- 8.
Gold standard refers to the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944, when 44 nations agreed to adopt the US dollar as an official reserve currency and pegged the exchange rates for their currency to the US dollar. The agreement entailed that US currency could be converted to gold, which was cancelled by Nixon in 1971. The decoupling of the US dollar from the gold from the Federal Reserve happened in 1976, while the Bank of England decoupled the UK Pound Sterling from gold in 1973.
- 9.
See https://monzo.com (accessed April 5, 2019).
- 10.
See https://www.revolut.com (accessed April 5, 2019).
- 11.
See https://www.tide.co (accessed April 5, 2019).
- 12.
- 13.
See for example https://gradba.se/en/.
- 14.
See https://www.r3.com (accessed May 10, 2019).
- 15.
See https://b3i.tech/home.html (accessed May 10, 2019).
- 16.
Schedule 2 [36] (accessed May 10, 2019).
- 17.
See http://www.gfsc.gi/dlt (accessed May 10, 2019).
- 18.
See https://www.algorand.com (accessed May 10, 2019).
- 19.
See https://elixxir.io (accessed May 10, 2019).
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Vigliotti, M.G., Jones, H. (2020). Beyond the Hype. In: The Executive Guide to Blockchain. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21107-3_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21107-3_2
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