Abstract
The objective of the present chapter is to perform synergies among system scenario methodologies and processor mapping with emphasis on DVFS. First, we exploit the system scenario methodology and combine it with a DVFS-aware scheduler to ensure timing deadlines for both hard and soft real-time processor systems. Next, we have added a novel sleep mode extension on top of the DVFS configuration to further increase our energy gains. This has been demonstrated for an SAM4L processor platform. Later, we switched to the reliability-sensitive embedded systems domain, and performed a relevant case study of a PID controller pieced together with a simple system scenario methodology to actuate DVFS and manage dependability in a successful manner. The concept of a turbo, “gas-pedal” point is also discussed. Experiments in this case were performed on pure hardware, on the NXP IMX6Q board.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Target board is low-power oriented; hence, this basic computational block is measured to last significantly longer than in a high performance platform.
- 2.
Alternatively, core resources enabling more parallelism would also have enabled guarantees for a larger application workload or higher error rates.
References
ARM: Cortex-a9 processor specifications. https://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-a/cortex-a9.php?tab=Specifications (2015)
Atmel: Sam4l xplained pro user guide. Atmel Corporation
M.A. Awan, S.M. Petters, Race-to-halt energy saving strategies. J. Syst. Archit. 60(10), 796–815 (2014)
Communication, T., Security: Spectrum monitoring and homeland security. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/security (2015)
S. Corbetta, W. Meeus, D. Rodopoulos, E. Cappe, F. Catthoor, A. Fritsch, System-wide reliability analysis on real processor and application under vdd and T stress, in SELSE Silicon Errors in Logic System Effects (2016)
S.V. Gheorghita, T. Basten, H. Corporaal, Intra-task scenario-aware voltage scheduling, in Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures and Synthesis for Embedded Systems (ACM, New York, 2005), pp. 177–184
S.V. Gheorghita, S. Stuijk, T. Basten, H. Corporaal, Automatic scenario detection for improved WCET estimation, in Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Design Automation Conference (ACM, New York, 2005), pp. 101–104
S.V. Gheorghita, T. Basten, H. Corporaal, Scenario selection and prediction for DVS-aware scheduling of multimedia applications. J. Signal Proces. Syst. 50(2), 137–161 (2008)
C. Lee, M. Potkonjak, W.H. Mangione-Smith, MediaBench: a tool for evaluating and synthesizing multimedia and communications systems, in Proceedings of Thirtieth Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, 1997 (IEEE, Piscataway, 1997), pp. 330–335
NXP: i.mx 6dual/6quad automotive and infotainment applications processors data sheet, document no. imx6dqaec 3/2014. Tech. rep. (2014)
D. Rodopoulos, F. Catthoor, D. Soudris, Tackling performance variability due to RAS mechanisms with PID-controlled DVFS. IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett. 14(2), 156–159 (2015)
N. Semiconductors, i.mx 6dual/6quad applications processor reference manual. http://www.nxp.com/assets/documents/data/en/reference-manuals/IMX6DQRM.pdf (2015). Rev 3
N. Zompakis, F. Catthoor, D. Soudris, Efficient configurations for dynamic applications in next generation mobile systems, ed. by A.D. Panagopoulos, in Handbook of Research on Next Generation Mobile Communication Systems (IGI Global, Oxford, 2015) Chap. 6, pp. 112–148
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zombakis, N., Yassin, Y.H., Noltsis, M., Soudris, D., Kjeldsberg, P.G., Catthoor, F. (2020). DVFS-Oriented Scenario Applications to Processor Architectures. In: System-Scenario-based Design Principles and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20343-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20343-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20342-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20343-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)