Abstract
External sulphate attack (ESA) is a term used to describe various chemical reactions between sulphate ions and hydrated cement compounds. Thus, the chemical composition of the binder is extremely important on the durability of concrete structures and structural members exposed to sulphate environments. This paper aims to evaluate physical (i.e. induced expansion and compressive strength) and mineralogical (i.e. X-ray diffraction) properties of eight mortar mixtures presenting distinct compositions (i.e. OPC, Quartz and Limestone Fillers, Red-Clay Waste, Fly Ash, Metakaolin, Silica Fume and Rice Husk Ash) and exposed to two different 0.7 M sulphate solutions (i.e. sodium and magnesium). The results show that the remaining portlandite in the system plays an important role on the sulphate attack deterioration process and seems to be dependent on the type of sulphate attack. Moreover, the overall ESA damage was found to increase with the use of binders containing aluminum-silicate compounds.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hooton RD (1993) Influence of silica fume replacement of cement on physical properties and resistance to sulphate attack, freezing and thawing, and alkali-silica reactivity, ACI Mater J 90(2):143–151
Neville A (2004) The confused world of sulfate attack on concrete. Cem Concr Res 34(8):1275–1296
Ouyang W, Chen J, Jiang M (2014) Evolution of surface hardness of concrete under sulfate attack. Constr Build Mater 53:419–424
Santhanam M, Cohen MD, Olek J (2001) Sulfate attack research—whither now? Cem Concr Res 31:845–851
Santhanam M, Cohen MD, Olek J (2002) Mechanism of sulfate attack: a fresh look—Part 1: summary of experimental results. Cem Concr Res 32:915–921
Santhanam M, Cohen MD, Olek J (2003) Mechanism of sulfate attack: a fresh look—Part 2: proposed mechanisms. Cem Concr Res 33:341–346
Bonen D, Cohen MD (1992) Magnesium sulfate attack on Portland cement paste-I. Microstructural analysis. Cem Concr Res 22:169–180
Hoppe Filho J, De Souza DJ, Medeiros MHF, Pereira E, Portella KF (2015) Concrete attack by sodium sulfate: mineral additions as a mitigation tool. Cerâmica 61:168–177
Diab AM, Awad AEM, Elyamany HE, Abd Elmoaty AEM (2012) Guidelines in compressive strength assessment of concrete modified with silica fume due to magnesium sulfate attack. Constr Build Mater 36:311–318
Weritz F, Taffe A, Schaurich D, Wilsch G (2009) Detailed depth profiles of sulfate ingress into concrete measured with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Constr Build Mater 23(1):275–283
Al-Akhras NM (2006) Durability of metakaolin concrete to sulfate attack. Cem Concr Res 36:1727–1734
Tikalsky PJ, Roy D, Scheetz B, Krize T (2002) Redefining cement characteristics for sulfate-resistant Portland cement. Cem Concr Res 32(8):1239–1246
Bellmann F, Stark J (2007) Prevention of thaumasite formation in concrete exposed to sulfate attack. Cem Concr Res 37(8):1215–1222
De Souza DJ, Medeiros MHF, Hoppe Filho J (2018) Evaluation of the SR Portland cement against sodium and magnesium sulfate attack: a physical and comparative analysis of mortars. IBRACON Struct Mater J 11(5): 1053–1075
Souza DJ, Yamashita LY, Dranka F, Medeiros MHF, Medeiros-Junior RA (2017) Repair mortars incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes: shrinkage and sodium sulfate attack. J Mater Civ Eng 29(12):1–12
de Medeiros MHF, Souza DJ, Filho JH, Adorno CS, Quarcioni VA, Pereira E (2016) Red-clay waste and limestone filler added in Portland cement composite: effects on sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction. Rev Mater 21(2):282–300
Atahan HN, Dikme D (2011) Use of mineral admixtures for enhanced resistance against sulfate attack. Constr Build Mater 25(8):3450–3457
Komljenovic M, Baščarević Z, Marjanović N, Nikolić V (2013) External sulfate attack on alkali-activated slag. Constr Build Mater 49(12):31–39
Džunuzović N, Komljenović M, Nikolić V, Ivanović T (2017) External sulfate attack on alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag composite. Constr Build Mater 157(12):737–747
Wang D, Zhou X, Meng Y, Chen Z (2017) Durability of concrete containing fly ash and silica fume against combined freezing-thawing and sulfate attack. Constr Build Mater 147(8):398–406
Chindaprasirt P, Kanchanda P, Sathonsaowaphak A, Cao HT (2007) Sulfate resistance of blended cements containing fly ash and rice husk ash. Constr Build Mater 21:1356–1361
Lee ST, Moon HY, Swamy RN (2005) Sulfate attack and role of silica fume in resisting strength loss. Cement Concr Compos 27:65–76
Hassan AAA, Lachemi M, Hossain KMA (2012) Effect of metakaolin and silica fume on the durability of self-consolidating concrete. Cement Concr Compos 34:801–807
Lee ST, Moon HY, Hooton RD, Kim JP (2005) Effect of solution concentrations and replacement levels of metakaolin on the resistance of mortars exposed to magnesium sulfate solutions. Cem Concr Res 35:1314–1323
Lee ST, Hooton RD, Jung HS, Park DH, Choi CS (2008) Effect of limestone filler on the deterioration of mortars and pastes exposed to sulfate solutions at ambient temperature. Cem Concr Res 38(1):68–76
Irassar EF (2009) Sulfate attack on cementitious materials containing limestone filler—a review. Cem Concr Res 39(3):241–254
Lawrence P, Cyr M, Ringot E (2003) Mineral admixtures in mortars. Cem Concr Res 33:1939–1947
Bonen D (1993) A microstructural study of the effect produced by magnesium sulfate on plain and silica fume-bearing Portland cement mortars. Cem Concr Res 23:541–555
Chatveera B, Lertwattanaruk P (2009) Evaluation of sulfate resistance of cement mortars containing black rice husk ash. J Environ Manage 60:435–1441
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 RILEM
About this paper
Cite this paper
De Souza, D.J., Medeiros, M.H.F., Hoppe, J., Sanchez, L.F.M. (2020). The Uses of Finely Ground Materials to Mitigate the External Sulphate Attack (ESA) on Cementitious Materials. In: Menéndez, E., Baroghel-Bouny, V. (eds) External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests. RILEM Bookseries, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20331-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20331-3_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20330-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20331-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)