Skip to main content

A Benchmark Framework to Evaluate Energy Disaggregation Solutions

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Engineering Applications of Neural Networks (EANN 2019)

Abstract

Energy Disaggregation is the task of decomposing a single meter aggregate energy reading into its appliance level subcomponents. The recent growth of interest in this field has lead to development of many different techniques, among which Artificial Neural Networks have shown remarkable results. In this paper we propose a categorization of experiments that should serve as a benchmark, along with a baseline of results, to efficiently evaluate the most important aspects for this task. Furthermore, using this benchmark we investigate the application of Stacking on five popular ANNs. The models are compared on three metrics and show that Stacking can help improve or ensure performance in certain cases, especially on 2-state devices.

This work has been funded by the \({\mathrm{E}\Sigma \Pi \mathrm{A}}\) (2014-2020) Erevno-Dimiourgo-Kainotomo 2018/EPAnEK Program ‘Energy Controlling Voice Enabled Intelligent Smart Home Ecosystem’, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aiad, M., Lee, P.H.: Non-intrusive load disaggregation with adaptive estimations of devices main power effects and two-way interactions. Energy Build. 130, 131–139 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.08.050. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778816307472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chen, K., Wang, Q., He, Z., Chen, K., Hu, J., He, J.: Convolutional sequence to sequence non-intrusive load monitoring. J. Eng. 2018(17), 1860–1864 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Graves, A.: Generating sequences with recurrent neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.0850 (2013)

  4. Hart, G.W.: Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring. Proc. IEEE 80(12), 1870–1891 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kelly, J., Knottenbelt, W.: The UK-DALE dataset, domestic appliance-level electricity demand and whole-house demand from five UK homes. Sci. Data 2, 150007 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kelly, J., Knottenbelt, W.: The UK-DALE dataset, domestic appliance-level electricity demand and whole-house demand from five UK homes. Sci. Data 2, 150007 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kolter, J.Z., Jaakkola, T.: Approximate inference in additive factorial HMMs with application to energy disaggregation, June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1184/R1/6603563.v1

  8. Kolter, J.Z., Johnson, M.J.: REDD: a public data set for energy disaggregation research. In: Workshop on Data Mining Applications in Sustainability (SIGKDD), San Diego, CA, vol. 25, pp. 59–62 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097–1105 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Krystalakos, O., Nalmpantis, C., Vrakas, D.: Sliding window approach for online energy disaggregation using artificial neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence, SETN 2018, pp. 7:1–7:6. ACM, New York (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3200947.3201011

  11. Lange, H., Bergés, M.: The neural energy decoder: energy disaggregation by combining binary subcomponents (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mauch, L., Yang, B.: A new approach for supervised power disaggregation by using a deep recurrent LSTM network. In: 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), pp. 63–67. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nalmpantis, C., Vrakas, D.: Machine learning approaches for non-intrusive load monitoring: from qualitative to quantitative comparation. Artif. Intell. Rev. 1–27 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Paradiso, F., Paganelli, F., Giuli, D., Capobianco, S.: Context-based energy disaggregation in smart homes. Future Internet 8(1) (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi8010004. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/8/1/4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Parson, O., Ghosh, S., Weal, M., Rogers, A.: Non-intrusive load monitoring using prior models of general appliance types. In: Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Todorovski, L., Džeroski, S.: Combining classifiers with meta decision trees. Mach. Learn. 50(3), 223–249 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zeifman, M.: Disaggregation of home energy display data using probabilistic approach. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 58(1), 23–31 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang, C., Zhong, M., Wang, Z., Goddard, N., Sutton, C.: Sequence-to-point learning with neural networks for non-intrusive load monitoring. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhong, M., Goddard, N., Sutton, C.: Signal aggregate constraints in additive factorial HMMs, with application to energy disaggregation. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 3590–3598 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christoforos Nalmpantis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Symeonidis, N., Nalmpantis, C., Vrakas, D. (2019). A Benchmark Framework to Evaluate Energy Disaggregation Solutions. In: Macintyre, J., Iliadis, L., Maglogiannis, I., Jayne, C. (eds) Engineering Applications of Neural Networks. EANN 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1000. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20257-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20257-6_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20256-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20257-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics