Abstract
This chapter examines how Nena, the protagonist of Norma E. Cantú’s Canícula, comes of age in the Mexico-Texas borderlands. This chapter presents Chicanx border literature in general and Canícula in particular as discursive spaces where the borderlands are presented as a real place inhabited by real people. Then it moves on to analyze the various gendered performances depicted in the text, focusing on how Nena and the rest of the female characters alternatively embrace and contest the patriarchal archetypes (the solterona, the devoted and self-sacrificing mother, the virgin, and the whore) that shape the Mexico-Texas borderlands. Finally, this chapter examines those episodes in which the border’s significance is challenged and those in which it is reinscribed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Works Cited
Adams, Timothy D. 2001. “‘Heightened by Life’ vs. ‘Paralyzed by Fact’: Photography and Autobiography in Norma Cantú’s Canícula.” Biography 24 (1): 57–71.
Alaniz, Yolanda, and Megan Cornish. 2008. Viva La Raza: A History of Chicano Identity and Resistance. Seattle: Red Letter.
Alvarez, Julia. 2007. Once Upon a Quinceañera: Coming of Age in the USA. New York: Viking.
Alvarez, Robert, Jr. 1995. “The Mexican-US Border: The Making of Anthropology of Borderlands.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 447–470.
Alvarez, Robert, Jr., and George A. Collier. 1994. “The Long Haul in Mexican Trucking: Traversing the Borderlands of the North and the South.” American Ethnologist 21 (3): 606–627.
Álvarez López, Esther. 2016. “Urban Cartography of Murder: Gaspar de Alba’s Desert Blood.” In Geographies of Identity: Mapping, Crossing, and Transgressing Urban and Human Boundaries, edited by Esther Álvarez López, 65–72. Alcalá de Henares: Servicio de Publicaciones UAH. Biblioteca Benjamin Franklin.
Anaya, Rudolfo. 1972. Bless Me Ultima. Berkeley: Tonatiuh-Quinto Sol.
———. 1976. Heart of Aztlán. Berkeley: Justa Editorial.
Anaya, Rudolfo, and Francisco Lomelí, eds. 1989. Aztlán: Essays on the Chicano Homeland. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Anzaldúa, Gloria E. 2007/1987. Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. San Francisco: Auntie Lute.
Ayala, Jennifer. 2006. “Confianza, Consejos, and Contradictions: Gender and Sexuality Lessons Between Latina Adolescent Daughters and Mothers.” In Latina Girls: Voices of Adolescent Strength in the U.S., edited by Jill Denner and Bianca L. Guzmán, 29–43. New York and London: New York University Press.
Balderrama, Francisco E., and Raymond Rodriguez. 2006. Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Birkhofer, Melissa. 2012. “Norma Elia Cantú’s Canícula: Snapshots of a Girlhood en la Frontera.” Rocky Mountain Review 66: 48–57.
Blake, Debra J. 2008. Chicana Sexuality and Gender: Cultural Refiguring in Literature, Oral History, and Art. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Brady, Mary Pat. 2002. Extinct Lands, Temporal Geographies: Chicana Literature and the Urgency of Space. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Cantú, Norma E. 2002. “Chicana Life-Cycle Rituals.” In Chicana Traditions: Continuity and Change, edited by Norma E. Cantú and Olga Nájera-Ramírez, 15–34. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
———. 2003. “The Writing of Canícula: Breaking Boundaries, Finding Forms.” In Chicana Feminisms: A Critical Reader, edited by Gabriela F. Arredondo, Aída Hurtado, Norma Klahn, and Patricia Zavella, 97–108. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
———. 2015/1995. Canícula: Snapshots of a Girlhood en la Frontera. Updated ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Castillo, Debra A., and María Socorro Tabuenca Córdoba. 2002. Border Women: Writing from La Frontera. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Davalos, Mary Karen. 1996. “La Quinceañera: Making Gender and Ethnic Identities.” Frontiers 16 (2–3): 101–127.
De Certeau, Michel. 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Denner, Jill, and Bianca J. Guzmán, eds. 2006. Latina Girls: Voices of Adolescent Strength in the U.S. New York: New York University Press.
Duarte, Stella Pope. 2008. If I Die in Juárez. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
———. n.d. “If I Die in Juárez.” http://stellapopeduarte.com/if-i-die-in-juarez.
Espín, Oliva M. 1997. Latina Realities: Essays on Healing, Migration, and Sexuality. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Fernández-Kelly, María Patricia. 1983. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico’s Frontier. Albany: State University of New York.
Fernández Olmos, Margarite. 1999. Rudolfo A. Anaya: A Critical Companion. Westport, CN: Greenwood.
Fregoso, Rosa Linda. 2003. Mexicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
García, Mario T. 2014. The Chicano Movement: Perspectives from the Twenty-First Century. London and New York: Routledge.
Gaspar de Alba, Alicia, María Herrera-Sobek, and Demetria Martínez, eds. 1989. Three Times a Woman: Chicana Poetry. Tempe: Bilingual.
———. 2005a. Desert Blood: The Juárez Murders. Houston: Arte Público Press.
———. 2005b. “Malinche’s Revenge.” In Feminism, Nation, and Myth: La Malinche, edited by Rolando Romero and Amanda Nolacea Harris, 44–57. Houston: Arte Público Press.
———. 2010. “Poor Brown Female: The Miller’s Compensation for ‘Free’ Trade.” In Making a Killing: Femicide, Free Trade, and La Frontera, edited by Alicia Gaspar de Alba and Georgina Guzmán, 63–94. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Golash-Boza, Tanya Maria. 2012. Immigration Nation: Raids, Detentions, and Deportations in Post-9/11 America. New York: Routledge.
Guerin-Gonzales, Camille. 1996. Mexican Workers and American Dreams: Immigration, Repatriation, and California Farm Labor, 1900–1939. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Gutiérrez y Muhs, Gabriella. 2007. Communal Feminisms: Chicanas, Chilenas and Cultural Exile: Theorizing the Space of Exile, Class, and Identity. Lanham, MD: Lexington.
Hurtado, Aída. 2003. Voicing Chicana Feminisms: Young Women Speak Out on Sexuality and Identity. New York and London: New York University Press.
Iglesias-Prieto, Norma. 2011. “Coming and Going: Transborder Visual Art in Tijuana.” In Global Mexican Cultural Productions, edited by Rosana Blanco-Cano and Rita E. Urquijo-Ruiz, 175–198. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Irázabal, Clara. 2014. “Introduction: What Do We Mean by ‘Transbordering Latin Americas’?” In Transbordering Latin Americas: Liminal Places, Cultures, and Powers (T)here, edited by Clara Irázabal, 1–22. New York and London: Routledge.
Kaup, Monika. 2001. Rewriting North American Borders in Chicano and Chicana Narrative. New York: Peter Lang.
Kiy, Richard, and Christopher Woodruff. 2005. The Ties That Bind Us: Mexican Migrants in San Diego County. La Jolla, CA: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego.
Kluchin, Rebecca M. 2009. Fit to Be Tied: Sterilization and Reproductive Rights in America, 1950–1980. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press.
Massey, Doreen 1993. “Power Geometry and a Progressive Sense of Place.” In Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change, edited by John Bird, Barry Curtis, Tim Putman, and Lisa Tickner, 59–69. London: Routledge.
McCracken, Ellen. 2001. “Hybridity and the Space of the Border in the Writing of Norma Elia Cantú.” Studies in the 20th Century Literature 25 (1): 261–280.
Mercado-López, Larissa M. 2010. “Chicana Mothering.” In Encyclopaedia of Motherhood, edited by Andrea O’Reilly, 177–179. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Mermann-Jozwiak, Elisabeth. 2004. “Cartographies of Resistance: Poetics and Politics of Resistance in Chicano/a Writing.” Modern Fiction Studies 50 (2): 469–476.
Mignolo, Walter D. 2000. Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking. Princeton and London: Princeton University Press.
Miranda, Marie “Keta”. 2003. Homegirls in the Public Sphere. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Moraga, Cherríe. 1983. Loving in the War Years: Lo que nunca pasó por sus labios. Boston: South End.
Nail, Thomas. 2016. Theory of the Border. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. 1994. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge.
Paz, Octavio. 1992/1950. El laberinto de la soledad. México D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Pesquera, Beatriz. 1985. “Work and Family: A Comparative Analysis of Professional, Clerical, and Blue-Collar Chicana Workers.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.
Portales, Rita, and Marco Portales. 2010. Quality Education for Latinos and Latinas: Print and Oral Skills for All Students, K-College. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Pratt, Mary Louise. 2008/1992. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. 2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge.
Rinderle, Susana. 2014. “The Mexican Diaspora: A Critical Examination of Signifiers.” In The Global Intercultural Communication Reader, edited by Molefi Kete Asante, Yoshitaka Miike, and Jing Yin, 305–320. New York and London: Routledge.
Rodriguez, Richard. 1982. Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez. New York: The Dial.
Ruiz, Olivia. 1992. “Visitando la patria: los cruces transfronterizos de la población estadounidense de origen mexicano.” Frontera Norte 4 (7): 103–130.
Sadowski-Smith, Claudia. 2009. “Imagining Transnational Chicano/a Activism Against Gender-Based Violence at the U.S.-Mexican Border.” In Imagined Transnationalism: U.S. Latino/a Literature, Culture, and Identity, edited by Kevin Concannon, Francisco A. Lomelí, and Marc Priewe, 75–94. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Segura, Denise. 1994. “Working at Motherhood: Chicana and Mexican Immigrant Mothers and Employment.” In Mothering, Ideology, Experience, and Agency, edited by Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Grace Chang, and Linda Rennie Forcey, 211–233. New York: Routledge.
Spoturno, María Laura. 2010. “Un elixir de la palabra. Heterogeneidad interligüe en la narrativa de Sandra Cisneros.” PhD diss., Universidad Nacional de La Plata. http://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/tesis/te.354/te.354.pdf.
Stephen, Lynn. 2007. Transborder Lives: Indigenous Oaxacans in Mexico, California and Oregon. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Uttal, Lynet. 2002. Making Care Work: Employed Mothers in the New Childcare Market. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press.
Zavella, Patricia. 2003. “‘Playing with Fire’: The Gendered Construction of Chicana/Mexicana Sexuality.” In Perspectives on Las Américas: A Reader in Culture, History and Representation, edited by Mathew C. Gutmann, Félix V. Rodríguez, and Lynn Stephen, 229–244. Malden and London: Blackwell.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fernández-García, A. (2020). Life on the Mexico-US Border: Femininity, Transborderism, and the Reinscription of Boundaries in Norma E. Cantú’s Canícula: Snapshots of a Girlhood en la Frontera. In: Geographies of Girlhood in US Latina Writing. Literatures of the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20107-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20107-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20106-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20107-4
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)