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Physical, Mechanical and Acoustical Properties of Cane for Reeds

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Handbook of Materials for Wind Musical Instruments

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Abstract

Cane or the giant reed (Arundo donax), growing in Mediterranean regions, in the South of France, or South of Spain or in Italy is the raw material preferred by musicians for the reeds of clarinets, saxophones, oboes and bassoons. Australian cane growing in Adelaide region is also of good quality. Being a natural material, the cane exhibits very large variability in its physical, mechanical and acoustical properties. Cane is an anisotropic material, in which symmetry is orthotropic, determined by the directions of plant growth. Anatomic structure of cane is composed of the following main elements: vascular bundle. vascular bundle sheath, fibres and parenchyma cells. The distribution of these anatomic elements determines the quality of reeds. In this chapter, specifically addressed properties of cane (Arundo donax) are: the shrinkage, the density, the mechanical and acoustical properties expressed by the moduli of elasticity and the internal friction parameters—tan δ or Q factor. New materials were suggested for reeds.

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  1. School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia

    Voichita Bucur

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Appendix

Appendix

List of some American patents for reeds for woodwind instruments

Patent

Date

Applicant

Title

US 1,779,522 

Oct 28, 1930

Widmayer, Charles O

Reed for clarinets and saxophones

US 1,776,566

1930

Newton

 

US 2,296,737 

Sep 22, 1942

Wm R Gratz Co Inc

Reed

US 2,919,617 

Jan 5, 1960

Brilhart, Arnold R

Reeds for woodwing instruments

US 3,165,963 

Jan 19, 1965

Burns, John Keith Anthony

Reeds for musical instruments

US 3,267,791 

Aug 23, 1966

Roberts, Entpr. Inc.

Reed construction

US 3,340,759 

Sep 12, 1967

Petzke, Franklin J

Reed for woodwind instruments and method of manufacture

US 3,420,132 

Jan 7, 1969

Backus, John G

Reeds for woodwind instruments

US 3,705,820 

Dec 12, 1972

Oesterr Studien Atomenergie

Tongue for wind instruments and a method for producing same

US 3,705,820 

Dec 12,1972

Franz, Gutlbauer; Knotik, Karl

Tongue for wind instruments and a method for producing same

US 3,759,132 

Sep 18, 1973

Univ Southern California

Composite woodwind reed

US 3,905,268 

Sep 16, 1975

Gamble, John G

Reeds for saxophones , clarinets and other woodwinds

US 4,014,241 

Mar 29, 1977

Gamble, George W

Synthetic woodwind reed

US 4,145,949 

Mar 27, 1979

Kilian, Frank A

Musical reed

US 4,268,470 

May 19,1981

Nat. Res. Develop. Corporation

Polymer materials

US 4,282,277 

Aug 4, 1981

Bethlehem Steel Corporation

Oriented, semi-crystalline polymer product and method and apparatus for producing such product

US 4,337,683 

Jul 6, 1982

Backus, John G

Synthetic woodwind instrument reed and method for its manufacture

US 4,355,560 

Oct 26, 1982

Shaffer, David W

Reed construction

US 4,655,679 

Apr 7, 1987

Ltv Aerospace and Defense Company

Power translation device

US 4,850,925 

Jul 25, 1989

Lohman Manufacturing Co., Inc.

Deer call

US 4,979,420 

Dec 25, 1990

Cusack, John F

Stainless steel reed

US 5,030,402 

Jul 9, 1991

Zachariades Anagnostis E

Process for producing a new class of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene orthopaedic prostheses with enhanced mechanical properties

US 5,227,572 

Jul 13, 1993

Cusack, John F

Titanium reed for musical instruments

US 5,399,308

Mar 21, 1995

Woodhams, Raymond T.

Process for the continuous production of high modulus articles from high molecular weight plastics

US 5,379,673

Jan 10, 1995

Vogt , Robert F

Method for treatment of reeds

US 5,542,331 

Aug 6, 1996

Hartman, Harry

Sound-producing reed for wind instruments

US 6,087,571

Jul 11, 2000

Legere, Guy

Oriented polymer reeds for musical instruments

US 6,346,663

Feb 12, 2002

Perlman, Daniel

Water-permeable polymer -treated cane reeds for wind instruments

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Bucur, V. (2019). Physical, Mechanical and Acoustical Properties of Cane for Reeds. In: Handbook of Materials for Wind Musical Instruments . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19175-7_4

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