Abstract
eCall is a Pan European automatic emergency call system for cars. All new types of vehicles used within the European Union must be equipped with hardware enabling the operation of eCall. Despite being targeted by many researchers and official authorities, there remain many questions regarding the effects of this technology. Building on the expected monetary and non-monetary benefits of eCall, as well as other projections about the system’s capabilities, in this study, we used the Delphi method to address unanswered issues and to examine the logic behind earlier projections of eCall’s effects on both the automotive industry and the economy. In addition to presenting our findings from three bilingual rounds of the Delphi method with 16 experts from the automotive industry, we also assess the public perception of this technology and its future development. Lastly, we present the opinions of experts regarding eCall’s potential to ensure annual monetary benefits of €20 billion, or more based on the prices of cars augmented by the implementation of eCall and its future link with autonomous cars.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
WHO (2015) Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/. Accessed 11 June 11 2018
WHO (2017) Managing speed. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_traffic/managing-speed/en/. Accessed 11 June 2018
EENA (2018) EENA Committees Document: eCall and open issues, 2018 revision. http://www.eena.org/download.asp?item_id=26. Accessed 15 June 2018
European Commission (2005) The 2nd eSafety communication bringing eCall to citizens. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0431&qid=1528801388090&from=E. Accessed 18 June 18 2018
European Commission (2018) EU road fatalities. https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/statistics/trends_figures.pdf. Accessed 22 June 2018
Chariete A, Bakhouya M, Nait-Sidi-Moh A, Ait-Cheik-Bihi W, Gaber J, Kouta R, Wack M, Lorenz P (2016) A study of users’ acceptance and satisfaction of emergency call service. Int J Commun Syst 29(15):2279–2291
European Commission (2018) Sustainable mobility for Europe: safe, connected, and clean. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2018%3A293%3AFIN. Accessed 29 June 2018
Mladenow A, Kryvinska N, Strauss C (2012) Towards cloud-centric service environments. J Serv Sci Res 4(2):213–234
Polaschek M, Zeppelzauer W, Kryvinska N, Strauss C (2012) Enterprise 2.0 integrated communication and collaboration platform: a conceptual viewpoint. In: 2012 26th international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops (WAINA). IEEE, pp 1221–1226
Becker A, Mladenow A, Kryvinska N, Strauss C (2012) Evolving taxonomy of business models for mobile service delivery platform. Procedia Comput Sci 10:650–657
Kopetzky R, Günther M, Kryvinska N, Mladenow A, Strauss C, Stummer C (2013) Strategic management of disruptive technologies: a practical framework in the context of voice services and of computing towards the cloud. Int J Grid Util Comput 4(1):47–59
Lego T, Mladenow A, Novak NM, Strauss C (2017) The economic value of an emergency call system. In: International conference on research and practical issues of enterprise information systems. Springer, Cham, pp 56–66
Iparraguirre O, Brazalez A (2016) Communication technologies for vehicles: eCall. In: Communication technologies for vehicles. Lecture notes in computer science, pp 103–110
Kubát D, Weinlich P, Semerádová T (2014) Data security concerns of future eCall users. In: IDIMT 2014 proceedings, pp 21–27
Sihvola N, Luoma J, Schirkoff A, Salo J, Karkola K (2009) In-depth evaluation of the effects of an automatic emergency call system on road fatalities. Eur Transp Res Rev 1(3):99–105
Acea.be (2018) Key figures. https://www.acea.be/statistics/tag/category/key-figures. Accessed 10 July 2018
European Commission (2013) Proposal for a decision of the European parliament and of the council on the deployment of the interoperable EU-wide eCall. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013PC0315&from=EN. Accessed 10 April 2018
Cabo M, Fernandes F, Pereira T, Fonseca B, Paredes H (2014) Universal access to eCall system. Procedia Comput Sci 27:104–112
Journal of the EU (2014) Decision No 585/2014/EU of the European parliament and of the council of 15 May 2014 on the deployment of the interoperable EU-wide eCall service. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32014D0585. Accessed 20 April 2018
Bonyár A, Géczy A, Krammer O, Sántha H, Illés B, Kámán J, Szalay Z, Hanák P, Harsányi G (2017) A review on current eCall systems for autonomous car accident detection. In: 40th international Spring seminar on electronics technology (ISSE). IEEE, pp 1–8
WHO (2013) Global status report on road safety 2013. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/en/. Accessed 11 June 2018
European Commission (2016) EU road fatalities. http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/observatory/trends_figures.pdf. Accessed 20 April 2018
Card WI, Mooney GH (1977) What is the monetary value of human life? Br Med J 2:1627–1629
Rice DP, Cooper BS (1977) The economic value of human life. Am J Public Health Nations Health 57(11):1954–1966
Idnes.cz (2018) Cena za život ztracený při dopravní nehodě: více než 19 milionů korun. https://zpravy.idnes.cz/cdv-analyza-cena-zivota-dopravni-nehody-f01-/domaci.aspx?c=A180131_101655_domaci_hell. Accessed 10 July 2018
Guerrini F (2014) Traffic congestion costs Americans $124 billion a year. The Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/federicoguerrini/2014/10/14/traffic-congestion-costs-americans-124-billion-a-year-report-says/#594bc058c107. Accessed 11 June 2018
Walters AA (1961) The theory and measurement of private and social cost of highway congestion. Econometrica 29(4):676–699
Arnott R, Small K (1994) The economics of traffic congestion. Am Sci 82(5):446–455
van Woensel T, Cruz FRB (2009) A stochastic approach to traffic congestion costs. Comput Oper Res 36:1731–1739
de Palma A, Lindsey R (2011) Traffic congestion pricing methodologies and technologies. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 19(6):1377–1399
McKinsey&Co (2016) An integrated perspective on the future of mobility. http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability-and-resource-productivity/our-insights/an-integrated-perspective-on-the-future-of-mobility. Accessed 20 May 2017
Goodwin P (2004) The economic costs of road traffic congestion. ESRC Transport Studies Unit University College London
Bryans JW (2017) The Internet of Automotive Things: vulnerabilities, risks and policy implications. J Cyber Policy 2(2):185–194
Carutasu G, Botezatu C, Botezatu MA (2016) Expanding eCall from cars to other means of transport. J Inf Syst Oper Manag 10(2):354–363
Bönninger J (2015) Mobilität im 21. Jahrhundert: sicher, sauber, datengeschützt. Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp 388–390
Journal of the EU (2017) Commission implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/78 of July 2016 establishing administrative provisions for the EC type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to their 112-based eCall in-vehicle systems and uniform conditions for the implementation of Regulation (EU) 2015/758 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the privacy and data protection of users of such systems. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R0078&from=EN. Accessed 15 June 2018
European Commission (2016) European Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) of 12.9.2016 establishing detailed technical requirements and test procedures for the EC type approval of motor vehicles with respect to their 112-based eCall in-vehicles systems, of 112-based eCall in-vehicle separate technical units and components and supplementing and amending Regulation (EU) 2015/758 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the applicable standards. http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/3/2016/EN/C-2016-5709-F1-EN-MAIN-PART-1.PDF. Accessed 10 April 2018
Geuens C, Dumortier J (2010) Mandatory implementation for in-vehicle eCall: privacy compatible? Comput Law Secur Rev 26(4):385–390
Ponte G, Ryan GA, Anderson RWG (2016) An estimate of the effectiveness of an in-vehicle automatic collision notification system in reducing road crash fatalities in South Australia. Traffic Inj Prev 17(3):258–263
European Commission (2017) 2016 road safety statistics: what is behind the figures? http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-17-675_en.htm. Accessed 2 July 2018
Harnischmacher F, Cosyns C, Grugl KM, Moerbe M, Portouli E, Savaresi SM (2016) State of the art assessment Powered Two-Wheeler (P2W) eCall. In: 11th ITS European congress
Piao J, Beecroft M, McDonald M (2010) Vehicle positioning for improving road safety. Transp Rev 30(6):701–715
Journal of the EU (2015) Regulation (EU) 2015/758 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2015 concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system based on the 112 Service and amending Directive 2007/46/EC. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri = CELEX:32015R0758&from=EN. Accessed 18 June 2018
Journal of the EU (2017) Deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system ***I European Parliament legislative resolution of 26 February 2014 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system and amending Directive 2007/46/EC (COM(2013)0316—C7-0174/2013—2013/0165(COD)) (first reading). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014AP0154&qid=1528801388090&from=EN. Accessed 15 June 2018
Laiou A, Yannis G, Milotti A, Piccoli G (2016) Road safety interventions in South East Europe. Transp Res 14:3406–3415
Schellekens M (2016) Car hacking: navigating the regulatory landscape. Comput Law Secur Rev 32:307–315
Öörni R, Goulart A (2017) In-vehicle emergency call services: eCall and beyond. IEEE Commun Mag 55(1):159–165
Chen L, Englund C (2018) Every second counts: integrating edge computing and service oriented architecture for automatic emergency management. J Adv Transp 1–13
Urbano M, Alam M, Ferreira J, Fonseca J, Simões P (2017) Cooperative driver stress sensing integration with eCall system for improved road safety. In: 17th international conference on smart technologies. IEEE, pp 883–888
Sdongos E, Bolovinou A, Tsogas M, Amditis A, Guerra B, Manso M (2017) Next generation automated emergency calls. In: 14th annual consumer communications and networking conference. IEEE
Melcher V, Diederichs F, Maestre R, Hofmann C, Nacenta JM, van Gent J, Kusic D, Žagar B (2015) Smart vital signs and accident monitoring system for motorcyclists embedded in helmets and garments for advanced eCall emergency assistance and health analysis monitoring. Procedia Manuf 3:3208–3213
Newmobility news (2018) eCall emergency system obligatory in EU cars. https://newmobility.news/2018/03/29/ecall-emergency-system-obligatory-in-eu-cars. Accessed 2 July 2018
European Parliament (2015) Automatic emergency call devices in all new car models from spring 2018. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20150424IPR45714/automatic-emergency-call-devices-in-all-new-car-models-from-spring-2018. Accessed 2 July 2018
European Commission (2006) Bringing eCall back on track—action plan (3rd eSafety communication). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52006DC0723&qid=1528801388090&from=EN. Accessed 18 June 2018
European Commission (2009) eCall: time for deployment. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009DC0434&qid=1528801388090&from=EN. Accessed 18 June 2018
dan Barca C (2016) Graphical interface for eCall incidents. Database Syst J 7(4):47–53
Chochliouros IP, Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou AS, Lalopoulos GK (2005) Emergency call (eCall) Services based on approved E-112 regulations and infrastructures: a solution to improve security and release of road help. FITCE 2005 Congress: 76–84
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lego, T., Mladenow, A., Strauss, C. (2020). Assessment of eCall’s Effects on the Economy and Automotive Industry. In: Kryvinska, N., Greguš, M. (eds) Data-Centric Business and Applications. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19069-9_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19069-9_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19068-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19069-9
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)