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Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis

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Periodic and Non-Periodic Fevers

Part of the book series: Rare Diseases of the Immune System ((RDIS))

Abstract

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare inflammatory disorder that primarily affects children. It is characterized by insidious onset of pain, local bone expansion, and radiological findings suggestive of osteomyelitis, usually at multiple sites. CNO predominantly affects metaphyses of long bones, but clavicle and mandible are suggestive of diagnosis. CNO is a diagnosis of exclusion, and its pathogenesis is still unknown. Differential diagnosis includes infections, malignancies, benign bone tumors, metabolic disorders, and other autoinflammatory disorders. Biopsy of the bone lesion is often required. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first choice of treatment. Alternative therapies have been used, including corticosteroids, methotrexate, bisphosphonates, and TNFα inhibitors. No guidelines exist on diagnostic and treatment options.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy

    Andrea Taddio & Serena Pastore

  2. University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    Andrea Taddio

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  1. Andrea Taddio
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  2. Serena Pastore
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  1. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy

    Rolando Cimaz

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Taddio, A., Pastore, S. (2020). Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis. In: Cimaz, R. (eds) Periodic and Non-Periodic Fevers. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19055-2_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19055-2_8

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