Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, are a large family of 2D materials. Although the first MXene was discovered in 2011 without any prior prediction of their existence, the family has grown significantly, both from the chemistry and application perspectives. There are about thirty stoichiometric MXene compositions reported and many more are waiting to be discovered. MXenes reported to date are hydrophilic, typically with high metallic conductivity. MXenes have a variety of applications including energy generation and storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, water purification, catalysis, optoelectronics, gas- and biosensors, reinforcement for composites, and biomedical ones. This chapter gives an overview of MXenes and describes how each chapter of this book covers different properties and applications of MXenes.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Oyama, S. T., Schlatter, J. C., Metcalfe, J. E., III, & Lambert, J. M., Jr. (1988). Preparation and characterization of early transition metal carbides and nitrides. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 27(9), 1639–1648.
Levy, R., & Boudart, M. (1973). Platinum-like behavior of tungsten carbide in surface catalysis. Science, 181(4099), 547–549.
Zhong, Y., Xia, X., Shi, F., Zhan, J., Tu, J., & Fan, H. J. (2016). Transition metal carbides and nitrides in energy storage and conversion. Advanced Science, 3(5), 1500286.
Gogotsi, Y. G., & Andrievski, R. A. (1999). Materials science of carbides, nitrides and borides (Nato science series). Dordrecht: Springer/Kluwer.
Naguib, M., Kurtoglu, M., Presser, V., Lu, J., Niu, J., Heon, M., Hultman, L., Gogotsi, Y., & Barsoum, M. W. (2011). Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2. Advanced Materials, 23(37), 4248–4253.
Naguib, M., Mashtalir, O., Carle, J., Presser, V., Lu, J., Hultman, L., Gogotsi, Y., & Barsoum, M. W. (2012). Two-dimensional transition metal carbides. ACS Nano, 6(2), 1322–1331.
Anasori, B., Xie, Y., Beidaghi, M., Lu, J., Hosler, B. C., Hultman, L., Kent, P. R. C., Gogotsi, Y., & Barsoum, M. W. (2015). Two-dimensional, ordered, double transition metals carbides (MXenes). ACS Nano, 9(10), 9507–9516.
Anasori, B., Lukatskaya, M. R., & Gogotsi, Y. (2017). 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage. Nature Reviews Materials, 2(2), 16098.
Sun, W., Shah, S., Chen, Y., Tan, Z., Gao, H., Habib, T., Radovic, M., & Green, M. (2017). Electrochemical etching of Ti2AlC to Ti2CTx (MXene) in low-concentration hydrochloric acid solution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5(41), 21663–21668.
Yang, S., Zhang, P., Wang, F., Ricciardulli, A. G., Lohe, M. R., Blom, P. W., & Feng, X. (2018). Fluoride-free synthesis of two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) using a binary aqueous system. Angewandte Chemie, 130(47), 15717–15721.
Barsoum, M. W. (2013). MAX phases: Properties of machinable ternary carbides and nitrides. Weinheim: Wiley.
Ingason, A. S., Petruhins, A., Dahlqvist, M., Magnus, F., Mockute, A., Alling, B., Hultman, L., Abrikosov, I. A., Persson, P. O. Å., & Rosen, J. (2013). A nanolaminated magnetic phase: Mn2GaC. Materials Research Letters, 2(2), 89–93.
Mockute, A., Lu, J., Moon, E. J., Yan, M., Anasori, B., May, S. J., Barsoum, M. W., & Rosen, J. (2015). Solid solubility and magnetism upon Mn incorporation in the bulk ternary carbides Cr2AlC and Cr2GaC. Materials Research Letters, 3(1), 16–22.
Kuchida, S., Muranaka, T., Kawashima, K., Inoue, K., Yoshikawa, M., & Akimitsu, J. (2013). Superconductivity in Lu2SnC. Physica C: Superconductivity, 494, 77–79.
Xiao, X., Wang, H., Urbankowski, P., & Gogotsi, Y. (2018). Topochemical synthesis of 2D materials. Chemical Society Reviews, 47(23), 8744–8765.
Halim, J., Kota, S., Lukatskaya, M. R., Naguib, M., Zhao, M.-Q., Moon, E. J., Pitock, J., Nanda, J., May, S. J., Gogotsi, Y., & Barsoum, M. W. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of 2D molybdenum carbide (MXene). Advanced Functional Materials, 26, 3118–3127.
Maleski, K., Mochalin, V. N., & Gogotsi, Y. (2017). Dispersions of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene in organic solvents. Chemistry of Materials, 29(4), 1632–1640.
Zhang, C. J., Pinilla, S., McEvoy, N., Cullen, C. P., Anasori, B., Long, E., Park, S.-H., Seral-Ascaso, A., Shmeliov, A., & Krishnan, D. (2017). Oxidation stability of colloidal two-dimensional titanium carbides (MXenes). Chemistry of Materials, 29(11), 4848–4856.
Huang, S., & Mochalin, V. N. (2019). Hydrolysis of 2D transition-metal carbides (MXenes) in colloidal solutions. Inorganic Chemistry, 58(3), 1958–1966.
Sarycheva, A., Polemi, A., Liu, Y., Dandekar, K., Anasori, B., & Gogotsi, Y. (2018). 2D titanium carbide (MXene) for wireless communication. Science Advances, 4(9), eaau0920.
Lipatov, A., Lu, H., Alhabeb, M., Anasori, B., Gruverman, A., Gogotsi, Y., & Sinitskii, A. (2018). Elastic properties of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene monolayers and bilayers. Science Advances, 4, eaat0491.
Borysiuk, V. N., Mochalin, V. N., & Gogotsi, Y. (2018). Bending rigidity of two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) nanoribbons: A molecular dynamics study. Computation Materials Science, 143, 418–424.
Han, M., Yin, X., Wu, H., Hou, Z., Song, C., Li, X., Zhang, L., & Cheng, L. (2016). Ti3C2 MXenes with modified surface for high-performance electromagnetic absorption and shielding in the X-band. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(32), 21011–21019.
Shahzad, F., Alhabeb, M., Hatter, C. B., Anasori, B., Hong, S. M., Koo, C. M., & Gogotsi, Y. (2016). Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes). Science, 353(6304), 1137–1140.
Acknowledgments
We are thankful to various programs at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research (DMR), Ceramics Program for their support of MXenes research throughout the years.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Anasori, B., Gogotsi, Y. (2019). Introduction to 2D Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes). In: Anasori, B., Gogotsi, Y. (eds) 2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19026-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19026-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19025-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19026-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)