Abstract
Both environment and agriculture have been immensely affected by the sustaining humankind on Earth. Anthropogenic sources and natural calamities have increased toxic metal contents in the environment. This has also resulted in toxic metal accumulation within the food chain at an alarming concentration. The recalcitrant nature of these metals has threatened the living world. Thus, reclamation of the contaminated soils has become a global concern. Considering the cost involved and the production of hazardous by-products by the existing physiochemical techniques for cleanup of the polluted environment, newly emerged eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable technologies are gaining attention. Use of indigenous microbes, bacteria prevalent in the rhizosphere, or plant-mediated removal of toxic metal is gaining attention as these processes are cost-effective and eco-friendly. Although there is an immense possibility to use bioremediation as a successful cleanup technology, it is yet to be extensively evaluated in the field conditions. Most of the studies aimed at the investigation of mechanistic details of bioremediation, relying mostly on the greenhouse-based laboratory results. Considering the hazard and complexity of toxic metal remediation, further studies on selecting suitable rhizosphere microbes along with exploring multidisciplinary approaches would provide new opportunities with promising success.
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Acknowledgments
The authors duly acknowledge the support provided by an extramural grant [BT(Estt)/RD-3/2014] from the Department of Biotechnology, West Bengal, India, and a research grant of Ramanujan Fellowship to AG from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India (SR/S2/RJN-106/2012). IM was supported by Senior Research Assistantship from the Department of Biotechnology, West Bengal, India.
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Mallick, I., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, A. (2019). Microbe-Mediated Removal of Heavy Metals for Sustainable Agricultural Practices. In: Giri, B., Prasad, R., Wu, QS., Varma, A. (eds) Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment . Soil Biology, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18933-4_24
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