Abstract
The most important imports are those of the primary sector, followed by those of basic industrial goods, as a consequence of the bias of the economy towards services and the possibility of purchasing basic products abroad at more competitive prices. In terms of individual products, the main exports are motor vehicles and tractors, machinery and mechanical appliances, and electrical machinery and equipment. Major imports are machinery and mechanical appliances, motor vehicles and tractors, electrical machinery and equipment, and fuels and mineral oils. The ranking has been stable over the last 20 years, reflecting a structural trend.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Official data from the Spanish administration (INE 2018c).
References
Bahmani-Oskooee M, Harvey H, Hegerty SW (2014) Exchange rate volatility and Spanish-American commodity trade flows. Econ Syst 382:243–260
Bensassi S, Márquez-Ramos L, Martínez-Zarzoso I, Suárez-Burguet C (2015) Relationship between logistics infrastructure and trade: evidence from Spanish regional exports. Transp Res A Policy Pract 72:47–61
Dong C, Yin Q, Lane KJ, Yan Z, Shi T, Liu Y, Bell ML (2018) Competition and transmission evolution of global food trade: a case study of wheat. Physica A 509:998–1008
Duarte R, Pinilla V, Serrano A (2014) The effect of globalisation on water consumption: a case study of the Spanish virtual water trade, 1849–1935. Ecol Econ 100:96–105
Grau AJ, Reig A (2018) Trade credit and determinants of profitability in Europe. The case of the Agri-food industry. Int Bus Rev 275:947–957
INE (2002–2018) Anuario Estadístico de España
INE (2018a) Inebase
INE (2018b) España en cifras
INE (2018c) Contabilidad Anual Nacional de España
Jia H (2018) Crude oil trade and green shipping choices. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 65:618–634
Konstantaras K, Philippas D, Siriopoulos C (2018) Trade asymmetries in the Mediterranean basin. J Econ Asymmetr 17:13–20
Li Y, Wu T, Marshall N, Steinerberger S (2017) Extracting geography from trade data. Physica A 473:205–212
Llano C, De la Mata T, Díaz-Lanchas J, Gallego N (2017) Transport-mode competition in intra-national trade: an empirical investigation for the Spanish case. Transp Res A Policy Pract 95:334–355
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo (2018) Informes
Moura TGZ, Garcia-Alonso L, del Rosal I (2018) Influence of the geographical pattern of foreign trade on the inland distribution of maritime traffic. J Transp Geogr 72:191–200
Porras E, Ülkü N (2015) Foreigners’ trading and stock returns in Spain. J Int Financ Mark Inst Money 34:111–126
Teignier M (2018) The role of trade in structural transformation. J Dev Econ 130:45–65
Topcu M, Payne JE (2018) Further evidence on the trade-energy consumption nexus in OECD countries. Energy Policy 117:160–165
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tapiador, F.J. (2020). Trade: Foods, Cars, and Machinery. In: The Geography of Spain. World Regional Geography Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18907-5_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18907-5_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18906-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18907-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)