Abstract
This chapter focuses on the importance of relationships in relation to the successful resettlement of young people. Relationships, within the STC and with family and peers outside, can be a significant influence on young people in custody and upon release, with positive relationships helping them to make smooth transitions and desist. This chapter explores the many facets of relationships for the young people in custody. It highlights the importance of building strong, positive relationships based upon trust, both with staff in the STC and with others outside in the community. Such relationships help to empower young people and involve them in co-producing their own rehabilitation strategies, despite the isolation of their custodial sentences. This relational approach recognises how a sense of belonging and feeling a part of a family, can help begin the move away from offending behaviours.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This relates to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) theory that children develop not just by their familial environment, but due to wider environmental factors also.
References
Abrams, L. S. (2007). From Corrections to Community: Youth Offenders’ Perceptions of the Challenges of Transition. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 44, 31–53.
Aspy, C. B., Oman, R. F., Vesely, S. K., McLeroy, K., Rodine, S., & Marshall, L. (2004). Adolescent Violence: The Protective Effects of Youth Assets. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(3), 268–276.
Baldry, S., & Kemmis, J. (1998). What Is It Like to Be Looked After by a Local Authority? British Journal of Social Work, 28, 129–136.
Bateman, T., & Hazel, N. (2014). Youth Justice Timeline. Retrieved from http://www.beyondyouthcustody.net/wp-content/uploads/youth-justice-timeline.pdf.
Bell, M. (2002). Promoting Children’s Rights Through the Use of Relationship. Child and Family Social Work, 7, 1–11.
Beyond Youth Custody. (2017, April). Lessons from Youth in Focus: Research Report, Big Lottery Fund. Retrieved from http://www.beyondyouthcustody.net/wp-content/uploads/Lessons-from-Youth-in-Focus-Research-Report.pdf.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Cid, J., & Martí, J. (2012). Turning Points and Returning Points: Understanding the Role of Family Ties in the Process of Desistance. European Journal of Criminology, 9(6), 603–620. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370812453102.
Clancy, A., Hudson, K., Maguire, M., Peake, R., Raynor, P., Vanstone, M., & Kynch, J. (2006). Getting Out and Staying Out: Results of the Prisoner Resettlement Pathfinders. Bristol: Policy Press.
Ellis, L. (1988). The Victimful-victimless Crime Distinction, and Seven Universal Demographic Correlates of Victim Criminal Behaviour. Personality & Individual Difference.
Farrington, D. P. (1993). Childhood Origins of Teenage Antisocial Behaviour and Adult Social Dysfunction. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 86.
Farrington, D. (2005). Integrated Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Offending. – Advances in Criminological Theory. New Jersey: Transaction.
Farrington, D., & Ttofi, M. (2014). Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Offending. In H. Morizot & L. Kazemian (Eds.), The Development of Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour. New York: Springer.
Fletcher, B. (1993). Not Just a Name: The Views of Young People in Residential and Foster Care. Who Cares? National Consumer Council, London.
Goodfellow, P., Wilkinson, S., Hazel, N., Bateman, T., Liddle, M., Wright, S., & Factor, F. (2015). Effective Resettlement of Young People. London: Nacro/Beyond Youth Custody.
Hart, D. (2015). Correction or Care? The Use of Custody for Children in Trouble. Prison Reform Trust.
Hazel, N., Goodfellow, P., Liddle, M., Wright, S., Lockwood, K., McAteer, L., Francis, V., & Wilkinson, S. (2016). The Role of Family Support in Resettlement. Beyond Youth Custody. Retrieved from http://www.beyondyouthcustody.net/wp-content/uploads/The-role-of-family-support-in-resettlement-a-practitioners-guide.pdf.
Hazel, N., Goodfellow, P., Liddle, M., Bateman, T., & Pitts, J. (2017). “Now All I Care About Is My Future”: Supporting the Shift – Framework for the Effective Resettlement of Young People Leaving Custody, Beyond Youth Custody. Retrieved from http://www.beyondyouthcustody.net/wp-content/uploads/Now-all-I-care-about-is-my-future-Supporting-the-shift-full-research-report.pdf.
Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2006). The Impact of Exposure to Domestic Violence on Young People: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, 32, 797–810.
House of Commons. (2007). Young Black People and the Criminal Justice System, House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, Second Report of Session 2006–07 Volume I. Retrieved from https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmhaff/181/181i.pdf.
Kidson, H. (2013). Reducing Recidivism Amongst Young People in Custody Through Welfare Lead Rehabilitation. Winston Churchill Memorial Trust. Retrieved from https://www.wcmt.org.uk/sites/default/files/migrated-reports/1189_1.pdf.
Kitzmann, K., Gaylord, N., Holt, A., & Kenney, E. (2003). Child Witnesses to Domestic Violence: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology., 71(2), 229–235.
Liddle, M. (2016). Resettlement Work with Young People: Using Individual Case-Studies to Assess Costs and Benefits, Beyond Youth Custody. Retrieved from http://www.beyondyouthcustody.net/wp-content/uploads/Resettlement-work-with-young-people-using-individual-case-studies-to-assess-costs-and-benefits.pdf.
Lipsey, M. W., & Derzon, J. H. (1998). Predictors of Violent or Serious Delinquency in Adolescence and Early Adulthood, A Synthesis of Longitudinal Research. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Local Government Association. (2017). Councils Call for Urgent Action to Improve Safety in Youth Offending Institutions. Retrieved January 10, 2019, from http://www.beyondyouthcustody.net/wp-content/uploads/The-role-of-family-support-in-resettlement-a-practitioners-guide.pdf.
Maguire, M., & Raynor, P. (2006). How the Resettlement of Prisoners Promotes Desistence from Crime: Or Does It? Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(1), 19–38.
Maruna, S. (1997). Going Straight: Desistance from Crime and Life Narratives of Reform. The Narrative Study of Lives, 5, 59–93.
Maruna, S. (2001). Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild Their Lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Books.
Matsueda, R. L. (1988). The Current State of Differential Association Theory. Crime and Delinquency. Retrieved from http://cad.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/3/277.
McLeod, A. (2008). ‘A friend and An Equal’: Do Young People in Care Seek the Impossible from Their Social Workers? British Journal Social Work, Advance Access, 1–17.
Moore, T., McArthur, M., & Saunders, V. (2013). Young People Talk About Transitioning from Youth Detention to the Community: Making Good. Australian Social Work, 66, 328–343.
Morgan, R. (2006). Young People and Offending (Foreword). In M. Stephenson (Ed.), Young People and Offending – Education, Youth Justice and Social Inclusion. London: Routledge.
Mulvey, E. P., et al. (2004). Theory and Research on Desistance from Antisocial Activity Among Serious Adolescent Offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2(3), 213–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204004265864.
NHS England. (2017). Just Health: An Enquiry into the Emotional Health and Wellbeing of Young People in the Youth Justice System, Peer Power Research. Retrieved from http://www.peerpower.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Just%20Health%20Report%20(for%20Web).pdf.
Ofsted. (2017). Inspection of Secure Training Centres – Inspection of Oakhill Secure Training Centre. Retrieved February 12, 2018, from https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/secure-training-centre-reports/oakhill/OakhillSTC_January2017.pdf.
Partridge, S. (2004). Examining Case Management Models for Community Sentences. Home Office Online Report 17/04. London: Home Office.
Phoenix, J., & Kelly, L. (2013). ‘You Have to Do it for Yourself’ – Responsibilization in Youth Justice and Young People’s Situated Knowledge of Youth Justice Practice. British Journal of Criminology, 53, 419–437.
Rogers, R. (2011). ‘Instant Adulthood’ and the Transition of Young People Out of State Care. Journal of Sociology, 47(4), 411–426.
Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1993). Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Umberson, D., & Montez, J. (2010). Social Relationships and Health: A Flashpoint for Health Policy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51, S54–S66.
Vaughan, B. (2007). The Internal Narrative of Desistance. British Journal of Criminology, 47, 390–404.
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretative Sociology. Berkeley, CA: California University Press.
West, D. J., & Farrington, D. P. (1973). Who Becomes Delinquent? London: Heinemann.
Whitebook, M., & Sakai, L. (2003). Turnover Begets Turnover: An Examination of Job and Occupational Instability Among Child Care Center Staff. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 18(3), 273–293.
Young, T., Fitzgerald, M., Hallsworth, S., & Joseph, I. (2007). Groups, Gangs and Weapons. London: Youth Justice Board.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Paterson-Young, C., Hazenberg, R., Bajwa-Patel, M. (2019). Relationships. In: The Social Impact of Custody on Young People in the Criminal Justice System. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18422-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18422-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18421-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18422-3
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)