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Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas pp 267–290Cite as

Unconventional Oil and Gas: Interactions with and Implications for Groundwater

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Part of the book series: Water Security in a New World ((WSEC))

Abstract

The actual and potential impacts of the “shale revolution” on groundwater supplies are subject to intense scholarly debate in scientific, legal, and policy domains. Unconventional development of shale gas through the dynamic combination of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling will continue as a fundamental component of energy policy in the United States, particularly with regards to notions of energy independence and security. At a regional level, the water-related risks associated with hydraulic fracturing operations include impacts on water quality and quantity. This chapter examines the potential implications of hydraulic fracturing operations for groundwater drinking supplies through direct, indirect, and natural contamination pathways, including subsurface migration of methane, accidental surface spills, leak-off implicating fracturing fluids, well-casing integrity, and water table interactions with produced water. These effects are controversial because the best available scientific research is often contradictory, offering both support and opposition to establishing a causal relationship between contamination pathways and hydraulic fracturing. Regulatory uncertainty and challenges in establishing legal causation further contribute to the difficulties associated with detecting, monitoring, and assigning liability for groundwater contamination. This chapter examines the science behind the conduits that could impact drinking water supplies and analyzes regulatory regimes that monitor groundwater interactions with unconventional oil and gas development.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Despite its name, the Railroad Commission regulates the oil and gas industry in Texas. The agency was originally created to oversee the rail industry but, despite the transfer of those functions to other state agencies, legislation to change the name of the agency overseeing oil and gas has failed to pass, and the agency retains its misleading title.

  2. 2.

    Digiulio was the lead scientist on 2011 EPA Draft Report.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Asset Management, LLC, New York, NY, USA

    Brett A. Miller

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  1. Brett A. Miller
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Energy Studies, Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA, Lyndon B. Johnson School for Public Affairs, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA

    Regina M. Buono

  2. ICATALIST, Madrid, Spain

    Elena López Gunn

  3. School of Law, Division of Business & Law, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Jennifer McKay

  4. Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

    Chad Staddon

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Miller, B.A. (2020). Unconventional Oil and Gas: Interactions with and Implications for Groundwater. In: Buono, R., López Gunn, E., McKay, J., Staddon, C. (eds) Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas. Water Security in a New World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18342-4_13

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