Abstract
Recently, miniaturization has become an important topic to both scientists and engineers. The manufacturing trends are following the compact size manufactured-components. Miniaturization challenges engineers to obtain smaller size of the components, to reduce their weights & power consumption and to take less space utilization. The functional specifications of the parts must be clarified beforehand, so that the functions are not lost in miniaturization. With consideration of the geometrical product specification (GPS), it is possible to better limit the functional properties and thus succeed in miniaturization. In this work, the problems with the reduction of the gear components are explained and the subsequent assessment are presented with different methods such as contact and noncontact metrology methods. Tactile and optical methods are used to determine the surface structure. Coordinate measuring machines (CMM) are one of the geometry based tactile methods. The optical methods give more information about the geometry and microstructure of technical surfaces by using computed tomography (CT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). According to the measurement results, the measurement data belonging to CMM measurements for the partial circles showed the same results with CT measurements. The surface roughness values were varied from the existed geometry to the miniaturized geometry using CLSM. In porosity measurement with CT, porosity decreased in the micro geometry of the gear components. The miniaturized geometry had less porosity related to the gaps volume, than the normal geometry. The minimum gap volumes depend on the scanning resolution in CT. The gaps in macro geometry were logically more frequent than the micro geometry.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
3DP: 3D Printing with powder.
- 2.
CMM: Coordinate Measuring Machine.
- 3.
IT: International Tolerance.
- 4.
CT: Computed Tomography.
- 5.
CLSM: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.
- 6.
PA: Polyamide.
References
Steinbeis-Beratungszentrum (2019). https://www.toleranzen-beratung.de/en/downlads/informations-broschueren/
ISO 8015:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Fundamentals - Concepts, principles and rules (2011)
ISO 14405-3:2016, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Dimensional tolerancing - Part 3: Angular sizes (2016
ISO 2768-2: 1989, General tolerances - Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications (1989)
Durakbasa, M.N., Osanna, P.H., Afjehi-Sadat, A.: A general approach to workpiece characterization in the frame of GPS (Geometrical Product Specification and Verification). Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 41, 2147–2151 (2001)
Durakbasa, M.N.: Geometrical product specifications and verification for the analytical description of technical and non-technical structures. Printed in Austria (TU Wien: Abteilung Austauschbau und Messtechnik) (2003). ISBN 3-901888-26-8
ISO 17450-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - General concepts - Part 1: Model for geometrical specification and verification (2011)
ISO 17450-2:2013, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - General concepts - Part 2: Basic tenets, specifications, operators and uncertainties (2013)
Weckenmann, A., Hartmann, W.: Function-oriented method for the definition and verification of micro structured surfaces. Precis. Eng. 37, 684–693 (2013)
Sommer, K.D., Weckenmann, A., Siebert, B.: Qualität für Messergebnisse-Messunsicherheit nach GUM. Tech. Mess. 73(4), 189–199 (2006)
Humienny, Z.: State of art in standardization in GPS area. CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol. 2, 1–7 (2009)
The future of making things, 3D printing additive manufacturing (2019). https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/additive-manufacturing
Durakbasa, N.M., Bauer, J.M., Bodur, O., Poszvek, G.: Challenges of miniaturizing a precision gear. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium for Production Research 2018, pp. 239–253. Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2019)
FORMIGA P 110 - laser sintering 3D printer - EOS (2019). https://www.eos.info/systems_solutions/plastic/systems_equipment/formiga_p_110
Aberlink innovative metrology (2019). https://www.aberlink.com/products/cmm/axiom-toohs/
ISO 1101:2017, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Geometrical Tolerancing - Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out (2017)
TomoScope®XS, Werth, Inc. (2018). http://werthinc.com/products/tomoscope-xs/
NanoFocus - µsurf (2018). http://www.nanofocus.com/products/usurf/usurf-explorer/
Drégelyi-Kiss, Á., Durakbasa, N.M.: Measurement error on the reconstruction step in case of industrial computed tomograph. In: Durakbasa, N., Gencyilmaz, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium for Production Research 2018, ISPR 2018. Springer, Cham (2019)
ISO 286-1:2010, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes - Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits (2010)
DIN EN ISO 4287:2010, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile Method - Terms. Definitions and surface texture parameters (2010)
ISO 25178-1:2016, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Areal - Part 1: Indication of surface texture (2016)
Sagbas, B., Boyacı, T.H., Durakbasa, N.M.: Precision metrology for additive manufacturing. In: Durakbasa, N., Gencyilmaz, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium for Production Research 2018, ISPR 2018. Springer, Cham (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Durakbasa, N.M. et al. (2019). Additive Miniaturized-Manufactured Gear Parts Validated by Various Measuring Methods. In: Majstorovic, V., Durakbasa, N. (eds) Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Measurement and Quality Control - Cyber Physical Issue. IMEKOTC14 2019. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18177-2_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18177-2_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18176-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18177-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)