Graphs and Diagrams

Abstract

“Graphs and diagrams can, and usually do, serve two different functions. They can be useful analytical tools for professional statisticians, and they can be ways of displaying data to the public at large. The former include Normal probability plots, boxplots (box-and-whisker diagrams) and correlograms, and it can be expected that statisticians will be able to use them when appropriate and understand them without difficulty. However, it is also an important part of the work of statisticians that we should be able to present data in a coherent and meaningful manner to non-statisticians, and there are a great many methods of doing so. One can hardly find an issue of a serious newspaper that does not include several graphs. A single such picture conveys – or can convey – the important features of the data more vividly and memorably than columns of data.” (Graphs and diagrams – Royal Statistical Society, https://www.rss.org.uk/graphs-diagrams).

Pictorial representation can help explain the happening of an event. One such representation is a phase diagram. Initially in chemistry phase diagrams are investigated to explain the transitioning from solid to liquid to gas of water. The transition does not occur linearly because of the phase changes that occur moving from the solid state to the liquid state and then from the liquid state to the gaseous state. A graph may help explain this state change. Graphs may also be used to investigate the relationship between terms, force changes to length changes. The slope analysis may help explain Young’s modulus. Graphics are beneficial in understanding the happenings in the environment of materials.