Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Initial presentations of MS typically occur between ages 20 and 40 and include symptoms such as monocular visual impairment, double vision, numbness, paresthesias, or weakness. Fatigue, cognitive impairment, and bowel/bladder symptoms are also common. The pathologic hallmark of the disease is the presence of glial scars (or sclerosis) in the CNS. MS is diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings and supporting evidence from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ancillary tests such as evoked potentials and lumbar puncture are not routinely performed but aid in diagnostic evaluation.
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Kaplan, T.B., Stankiewicz, J.M. (2019). Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatic Disease. In: Cho, T., Bhattacharyya, S., Helfgott, S. (eds) Neurorheumatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16928-2_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16928-2_20
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