Abstract
East Asia entered the modern world and joined the new and literally worldwide system with stable, peaceful, but highly conservative dynasties in place. The Manchu conquest of China led to the Qing Dynasty, driven to repression by Ming loyalist rebellions. Korea’s Yi Dynasty became ever more faction-ridden and narrowly Neo-Confucian. Japan’s Tokugawa shogunate flourished, making Japan possibly the most educated and most agriculturally productive per acre of any nation in the world by 1800, but the shoguns could not handle the coming of the industrial west. Vietnam was taken over by France in a colonial occupation. The Little Ice Age reached its worst years in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, following which it ameliorated. This amelioration allowed production to keep up with population increase for a while, allowing conservatism to block modernization and thus produce famines in China and hardship elsewhere.
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Anderson, E.N. (2019). The Early Modern Period in the East Asian World-System. In: The East Asian World-System. World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16870-4_9
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