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Salvia officinalis L./Salvia haematodes Wall. (Lamiaceae/Labiatae)

(Syns.: S. chromatica Hoffmanns.; S. clusii Vilm.; S. cretica L.; S. crispa Ten.)

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Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants

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Abstract

The plant is a native of Mediterranean region, but naturalized in India and many other countries. Both Salvia haematodes and S. officinalis have been described by various authors interchangeably, as they appear similar in their actions profile. S. officinalis is described to have stimulant, tonic, antiemetic, carminative and astringent properties; and used in fevers, dyspepsia, flatulence, and to check sweating and colliquative sweats of phthisis. Whereas, S. haematodes is tonic, astringent and aphrodisiac, and is one of the ingredients in compound decoctions and aphrodisiac confections; and is mainly used for seminal debility, chlorosis, anemia and amenorrhea. Its name is derived from Latin, meaning ‘to heal.’ In Mediterranean countries, S. officinalis is used as a spice and in food industry, and as a traditional medicine to treat several infectious diseases. In southern Brazil it is used as a food condiment, and as tea-beverage for the treatment of several disorders. It is one of the plants used by Jordanian patients for self-treatment of diabetes, based on friends’ recommendations, and is credited with memory improving properties in old European Medical Herbals. While it has been used as a general tonic and to treat sweating and menopausal hot flushes, and associated menopausal symptoms in traditional Swiss medicine, traditional medical uses of aqueous infusion of dried leaves (sage tea) in Austria include symptomatic treatment of mild dyspeptic complaints, inflammations in the mouth and the throat, and relief of excessive sweating and minor skin inflammations. Major phytoconstituents in aerial parts of S. officinalis are phenolic glycosides, phenolic diterpenes, terpenoids, immunomodulatory polysaccharides, flavones, and arabinogalactan. Sage tea in place of drinking water for 14-days lowered FBG in normal mice but did not affect glucose clearance in response to i.p. glucose tolerance test. In a parallel group, placebo-controlled trial of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, S. officinalis extract in a dose of 60 drops/day for 4-months, produced a significant improvement in cognitive functions compared to placebo. In a multicenter clinical trial, treatment of menopausal Swiss women with once-daily tablet of fresh sage leaves, completely decreased intensity and frequency of hot flashes after 8-weeks.

Salvia haematodes Wall. is a synonym of Salvia pratensis subsp. haematodes (L.) Arcang. However, Nadkarni (1954)CV has described S. haematodes as Lal Bahmana or Behman surkh . All descriptions here are for S. officinalis, unless stated otherwise.

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    Shahid Akbar

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Akbar, S. (2020). Salvia officinalis L./Salvia haematodes Wall. (Lamiaceae/Labiatae). In: Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_164

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