Abstract
Occult primary cancer is defined as the presence of metastatic cancer with an undetectable primary at the time of presentation. Occult breast cancer remains controversial. The low incidence of this cancer precludes prospective trials, and thus evidence-based conclusions must be based on retrospective data.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ellerbroek N, Holmes F, Singletary E, Evans H, Oswald M, McNeese M. Treatment of patients with isolated axillary nodal metastases from an occult primary carcinoma consistent with breast origin. Cancer. 1990;66:1461–7.
Galimberti V, Bassani G, Monti S, Simsek S, Villa G, Renne G, Luini A. Clinical experience with axillary presentation breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004;88:43–7.
Masinghe SP, Faluyi OO, Kerr GR, Kunkler IH. Breast radiotherapy for occult breast cancer with axillary nodal metastases-does it reduce the local recurrence rate and increase overall survival? Clin Oncol. 2011;23:95–100.
Merson M, Andreola S, Galimberti V, Bufalino R, Marchini S, Veronesi U. Breast carcinoma presenting as axillary metastases without evidence of a primary tumor. Cancer. 1992;70(2):504–8.
Montagna E, Bagnardi V, Rotmensz N, Viale G, Cancello G, Mazza M, et al. Immunohistochemically defined subtypes and outcome in Occult Breast Carcinoma with axillary presentation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;129:867–75.
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database. Available at http://seer.cancer.gov/statistics/.
Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:10–29.
Varadarajan R, Edge SB, Yu J, et al. Prognosis of occult breast carcinoma presenting as isolated axillary nodal metastasis. Oncology. 2006;71:456–9.
Baron PL, Moore MP, Kinne DW, Candela FC, Osborne MP, Petrek JA. Occult breast cancer presenting with axillary metastases. Arch Surg. 1990;125:210–4.
Cameron HC. Some clinical facts regarding mammary cancer. Br Med J. 1909;1:577–82.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Breast Cancer. v2.2015. Available at http://www.nccn.org.
Barton SR, Smith IE, Kirby AM, Ashley S, Walsh G, Parton M. The role of ipsilateral breast radiotherapy in management of occult primary breast cancer presenting as axillary lymphadenopathy. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47:2099–106.
Green FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, Fritz A, Balch CM, Haller DG, et al. American joint committee on cancer: cancer staging handbook. 6th ed. New York: Springer; 2002. p. 255–81.
Khandelwal AK, Garguilo GA. Therapeutic options for occult breast cancer: a survey of the American Society of Breast Surgeons and Review of the Literature. Am J Surg. 2005;190:609–13.
Walker GV, Smith GL, Perkins GH, Oh JL, Woodward W, Yu TK, et al. Population-based analysis of occult primary breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis. Cancer. 2010;116:4000–6.
Wang X, Zhao Y, Cao X. Clinical benefits of mastectomy on treatment of occult breast carcinoma presenting axillary metastases. Breast J. 2010;16(1):32–7.
Giuliano AE, McCall L, Beitsch P, Whitworth PW, Blumencranz P, Leitch AM, et al. Locoregional recurrence after sentinel lymph node dissection with or without axillary dissection in patients with sentinel lymph node metastases: the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2010;252(3):426–32.
Boughey JC, Suman VJ, Mittendorf EA, Ahrendt GM, Wilke LG, Taback B, et al. Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology. Sentinel lymph node surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with node-positive breast cancer: the ACOSOG Z1071 (Alliance) clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(14):1455–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gusic, L.H., Johnson, R. (2019). Occult Primary Breast Cancer with Axillary Metastases. In: Aydiner, A., Igci, A., Soran, A. (eds) Breast Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16792-9_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16792-9_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16791-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16792-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)