Abstract
Since subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating condition with high mortality and poor outcome, an appropriate animal model for research is needed. Although the monofilament perforation model in rats is a challenging procedure to learn, the induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage in this way is by far the most suited model for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additionally, this surgical technique shares similarities with stroke models. The following chapter offers a step-by-step manual of how to induce subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats with ease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gules I, Satoh M, Clower BR, Nanda A, Zhang JH. Comparison of three rat models of cerebral vasospasm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002;283(6):H2551–9.
Sugawara T, Ayer R, Jadhav V, Zhang JH. A new grading system evaluating bleeding scale in filament perforation subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model. J Neurosci Methods. 2008;167(2):327–34.
Egashira Y, Shishido H, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. New grading system based on magnetic resonance imaging in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2015;46(2):582–4.
Jeon H, Ai J, Sabri M, Tariq A, Shang X, Chen G, et al. Neurological and neurobehavioral assessment of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. BMC Neurosci. 2009;10(1):103.
Garcia JH, Wagner S, Liu KF, Hu XJ. Neurological deficit and extent of neuronal necrosis attributable to middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Statistical validation. Stroke. 1995;26(4):627–34; discussion 635.
Germanò AF, Dixon CE, d’ Avella D, Hayes RL, Tomasello F. Behavioral deficits following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat. J Neurotrauma. 1994;11(3):345–53.
Morris R. Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J Neurosci Methods. 1984;11(1):47–60.
Yatsushige H, Calvert JW, Cahill J, Zhang JH. Limited role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in blood-brain barrier function after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23(12):1874–82.
Saria A, Lundberg JM. Evans blue fluorescence: quantitative and morphological evaluation of vascular permeability in animal tissues. J Neurosci Methods. 1983;8(1):41–9.
Okubo S, Strahle J, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced hydrocephalus in rats. Stroke. 2013;44(2):547–50.
Lackner P, Vahmjanin A, Hu Q, Krafft PR, Rolland W, Zhang JH. Chronic hydrocephalus after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69571.
Shishido H, Egashira Y, Okubo S, Zhang H, Hua Y, Keep RF, et al. A magnetic resonance imaging grading system for subarachnoid hemorrhage severity in a rat model. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;243:115–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ho, W.M., Reis, C., Akyol, O., Cahill, J., McBride, D., Zhang, J.H. (2019). Monofilament Perforation Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rat Model. In: Chen, J., Xu, Z., Xu, X., Zhang, J. (eds) Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injury. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16082-1_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16082-1_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16080-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16082-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)