Abstract
This paper is an introduction to virtual knot theory and virtual knot cobordism [37, 39]. Non-trivial examples of virtual slice knots are given and determinations of the four-ball genus of positive virtual knots are explained in relation to joint work with Dye and Kaestner [12]. We study the affine index polynomial [38], prove that it is a concordance invariant, show that it is invariant also under certain forms of labeled cobordism and study a number of examples in relation to these phenomena. In particular we show how a mod-2 version of the affine index polynomial is a concordance invariant of flat virtual knots and links, and explore a number of examples in this domain.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Laboratory of Topology and Dynamics, Novosibirsk State University (contract no. 14.Y26.31.0025 with the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation).
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Kauffman, L.H. (2019). Virtual Knot Theory and Virtual Knot Cobordism. In: Adams, C., et al. Knots, Low-Dimensional Topology and Applications. KNOTS16 2016. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 284. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16031-9_4
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