Skip to main content

Feminist Engagement with Gender Equality in Regional Governance

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Rethinking Gender Equality in Global Governance

Abstract

This chapter looks at gender equality norms in regional governance, comparing two types of gender equality norms, i.e. on violence against women and gender mainstreaming, in four different regional organizations (EU, OAS, SADC and Mercosur). We argue that the existing governance landscape is an important explanatory factor for the unevenness in which gender equality norms diffuse. Core features of the existing governance landscapes are, firstly, their underlying logic, and secondly, the access and platform they offer to which types of actors. Our empirical findings call for an understanding of norm diffusion not only as multidirectional, but also as an on-going and continuous constitutive interplay between norms and governance landscapes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, M., & Kang, A. (2007). Regional Advocacy Networks and the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa. Politics & Gender,3(4), 451–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, S. (2009). Beyond NGO-ization? Reflections from Latin America. Development,52(2), 175–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aprodev. (2007). Continental Review of the EPA Negotiations: A Survey of African Countries’ Perspectives. Trade Negotiations Insights. http://aprodev.eu/files/Trade/TNI_EN_6.2.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2018.

  • CIM. (2002). Follow-Up to the Convention of Belem Do Para: Results of the Subregional Meetings of Experts—Strategies to Be Followed. XXXI Assembly of Delegates, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. OAS/Ser.L/II.2.31, CIM/doc.7/02.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIM. (2010). Handbook Gender Mainstreaming. http://www.oas.org/en/cim/docs/Handbook_Gender_Mainstreaming_Project.pdf. Accessed December 22, 2018.

  • Cornwall, A., Harrison, E., & Whitehead, A. (Eds.). (2007). Feminisms in Development: Contradictions, Contestations and Challenges. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (2011). Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210. Accessed December 22, 2017.

  • Council of the EU. (2017, June 19). Renewed Impetus for the Africa-EU Partnership—Council Conclusions. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/06/19-conclusions-africa-eu-partnership/. Accessed September 22, 2017.

  • De la Riva, M. C., & Muñoz, E. E. (2015). The Issue of Gender in Relations Between the EU and LAC: State of the Art and Opportunities for Bi-Regional Cooperation. EU-LAC Foundation. https://eulacfoundation.org/en/system/files/The%20Issue%20of%20Gender%20in%20Relations%20between%20the%20EU%20and%20LAC%20State%20of%20the%20Art%20and%20Opportunities%20for%20Biregional%20Cooperation.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2018.

  • Debusscher, P. (2017). The Quality of Gender Policies in EU Development Co-operation with South Africa. In T. Kruessmann & A. Ziegerhofer (Eds.), Promoting Gender Equality Abroad: An Assessment of EU Action in the External Dimension (pp. 144–162). Wien: LIT Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2017). Negotiations and Agreements. http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements/#_in-place. Accessed December 10, 2017.

  • European Parliament. (2009). Joint Debate on Partnership Agreements. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=CRE&reference=20090323&secondRef=ITEM-014&language=EN&ring=B6-2009-0144. Accessed February 27, 2018.

  • Fejerskov A., Engberg-Pedersen, L., & Cold-Ravnkilde, S. (2019). Rethinking the Study of Global Gender Equality Norms: Towards A Situated Approach. In L. Engberg-Pedersen, A. Fejerskov, & S. M. Cold-Ravnkilde (Eds.), Rethinking Gender Equality in Global Governance: The Delusion of Norm Diffusion (pp. 1–39). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferree, M. M., & Tripp, A. M. (Eds.). (2006). Global Feminism: Transnational Women’s Activism, Organizing, and Human Rights. New York and London: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, E. J. (2009). Re(gion)alizing Women’s Human Rights in Latin America. Politics & Gender,5(3), 349–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GenderLinks. (2017). SADC Barometer. http://genderlinks.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Baro-2017-Executive-Summary.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2018.

  • Guerrina, R., & Wright, K. A. (2016). Gendering Normative Power Europe: Lessons of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda. International Affairs,92(2), 293–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hänggi, H., Roloff, R., & Rüland, J. (Eds.). (2006). Interregionalism and International Relations. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horst, C. (2016, May 27). Why EU Diplomacy Needs More Women. EUObserver. https://euobserver.com/opinion/133583. Accessed September 22, 2017.

  • Kantola, J. (2010). Gender and the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krizsán, A., & Roggeband, C. (2018) The Gender Politics of Domestic Violence: Feminists Engaging the State in Central and Eastern Europe. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krook, M. L., & True, J. (2012). Rethinking the Life Cycles of International Norms: The United Nations and the Global Promotion of Gender Equality. European Journal of International Relations,18(1), 103–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, M. K. (1999). Negotiating International Norms: The Inter-American Commission of Women and the Convention on Violence Against Women. In M. K. Meyer & E. Prügl (Eds.), Gender Politics in Global Governance (pp. 58–71). New York: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghadam, V. M. (2005). Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montoya, C. (2013). From Global to Grassroots: The European Union, Transnational Advocacy, and Combating Violence Against Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • OAS (Organization of American States). (1994). Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women. http://www.cidh.org/women/convention.htm. Accessed December 22, 2017.

  • OAS. (2000). Resolution: Adoption and Implementation of the Inter-American Program on the Promotion of Women’s Human Rights and Gender Equity and Equality. http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/agres_1732_xxxo00.htm. Accessed November 24, 2017.

  • OAS. (2010). Handbook Gender Mainstreaming. http://www.oas.org/en/cim/docs/Handbook_Gender_Mainstreaming_Project.pdf.

  • OAS. (2017). Foreign Trade Information System. http://www.sice.oas.org/Genderandtrade/GT_papers_e.asp. Accessed November 24, 2017.

  • Ribeiro Hoffmann, A. (2014). Gender Mainstreaming in Mercosur and Mercosur–EU Trade Relations. In A. van der Vleuten, A. van Eerdewijk, & C. Roggeband (Eds.), Gender Equality Norms in Regional Governance: Transnational Dynamics in Europe, South America and Southern Africa (pp. 139–164). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roggeband, C. (2014). Latin American Advocacy on Violence Against Women and the OAS Convention. In A. van der Vleuten, A. van Eerdewijk, & C. Roggeband (Eds.), Gender Equality Norms in Regional Governance: Transnational Dynamics in Europe, South America and Southern Africa (pp. 139–164). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roggeband, C. (2016). Ending Violence Against Women in Latin America: Feminist Norm Setting in a Multilevel Context. Politics & Gender,12(1), 143–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roggeband, C., van Eerdewijk, A., & van der Vleuten, A. (2014). Reconceptualizing Gender Equality Norm Diffusion and Regional Governance: Logics and Geometries. In A. van der Vleuten, A. van Eerdewijk, & C. Roggeband (Eds.), Gender Equality Norms in Regional Governance: Transnational Dynamics in Europe, South America and Southern Africa (pp. 221–246). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • SADC. (1997). Declaration on Gender and Development. http://new.uneca.org/Portals/ngm/Documents/Conventions%20and%20Resolutions/SADCDECLGENDER.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2012.

  • SADC. (1998). Prevention and Eradication of Violence Against Women and Children (Addendum to the SADC Declaration on Gender and Development). http://www.achpr.org/instruments/eradication-violence-woman-sadc-addendium/. Accessed November 29, 2012.

  • SADC. (2003). Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP). http://www.sadc.int/index/browse/page/104. Accessed November 29, 2012.

  • SADC. (2008). Protocol on Gender and Development. http://www.sadc.int/index/browse/page/465. Accessed November 29, 2012.

  • SADC Secretariat. (2004). SADC Council and Summit Records. Gaborone: Secretariat Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • SADC Secretariat. (2006). SADC Council and Summit Records. Gaborone: Secretariat Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, M. R. (2007) Is There Any Room for Input and Control Legitimacy by Civil Society in Mercosur? In A. van der Vleuten & A. Ribeiro Hoffmann (Eds.), Closing or Widening the Gap? Legitimacy and Democracy in Regional Integration Organizations (pp. 117–134). Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN. (1986). Report of the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for the Women: Equality, Development and Peace: Nairobi, 15–26 July 1985. New York: United Nations. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/otherconferences/Nairobi/Nairobi%20Full%20Optimized.pdf. Accessed February 7, 2014.

  • van der Vleuten, A. (2007). The Price of Gender Equality. Member States and Governance in the European Union. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Vleuten, A. (2017). The Conflicting Logics of Regionalism and Gender Mainstreaming: EU Trade Agreements with Southern Africa. In T. Kruessmann & A. Ziegerhofer (Eds.), Promoting Gender Equality Abroad: An Assessment of EU Action in the External Dimension (pp. 94–116). Wien: LIT Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Vleuten, A., & van Eerdewijk, A. (2014). Regional Governance, Gender and Transnationalism: A First Exploration. In A. van der Vleuten, A. van Eerdewijk, & C. Roggeband (Eds.), Gender Equality Norms in Regional Governance: Transnational Dynamics in Europe, South America and Southern Africa (pp. 17–41). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Vleuten, A., van Eerdewijk, A., & Roggeband, C. (Eds.). (2014). Gender Equality Norms in Regional Governance: Transnational Dynamics in Europe, South America and Southern Africa. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Eerdewijk, A., & Roggeband, C. (2014). Gender Equality Norm Diffusion and Actor Constellations: A First Exploration. In A. van der Vleuten, A. van Eerdewijk and C. Roggeband (Eds.), Gender Equality Norms in Regional Governance: Transnational Dynamics in Europe, South America and Southern Africa (pp. 42–64). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Eerdewijk, A., & Van de Sand, J. (2014). Violence Against Women and Southern African Advocacy on the SADC Gender Protocol. In A. van der Vleuten, A. van Eerdewijk, & C. Roggeband (Eds.), Gender Equality Norms in Regional Governance: Transnational Dynamics in Europe, South America and Southern Africa (pp. 193–217). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S. (2011). The Future of Feminism. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waylen, G. (2008). Transforming Global Governance: Challenges and Opportunities. In S. M. Rai & G. Waylen (Eds.), Global Governance: Feminist Perspectives (pp. 254–275). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Zippel, K. (2004). Transnational Advocacy Networks and Policy Cycles in the European Union: The Case of Sexual Harassment. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society,11(1), 57–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zwingel, S. (2012). How Do Norms Travel? Theorizing International Women’s Rights in Transnational Perspective. International Studies Quarterly,56(1), 115–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Conny Roggeband , Anna van der Vleuten or Anouka van Eerdewijk .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Roggeband, C., van der Vleuten, A., van Eerdewijk, A. (2019). Feminist Engagement with Gender Equality in Regional Governance. In: Engberg-Pedersen, L., Fejerskov, A., Cold-Ravnkilde, S.M. (eds) Rethinking Gender Equality in Global Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15512-4_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics