Abstract
Patient blood management in cardiac surgery consists of multiple steps aiming for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of bleeding. The treatment of microvascular bleeding, in particular with the support of point-of-care viscoelastic hemostatic testing, contributes to reduced bleeding volumes and blood transfusion requirements. There are numerous treatment algorithms available for microvascular bleeding, all with added value for clinical daily practice in cardiac surgery. The specific algorithm that is implemented in an individual institution depends on the available diagnostic methods and the treatment options.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Dyke C, Aronson S, Dietrich W, et al. Universal definition of perioperative bleeding in adult cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147:1458–63.
Kozek-Langenecker SA, Ahmed AB, Afshari A, et al. Management of severe perioperative bleeding: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology: first update 2016. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2017;34:332–95.
Boer C, Meesters MI, Milojevic M, et al. 2017 EACTS/EACTA guidelines on patient blood management for adult cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018;32:88–120.
Karkouti K, Callum J, Wijeysundera DN, et al. Point-of-care hemostatic testing in cardiac surgery: a stepped-wedge clustered randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2016;134:1152–62.
Weber CF, Görlinger K, Meininger D, Herrmann E, Bingold T, Moritz A, et al. Point-of-care testing: a prospective, randomized clinical trial of efficacy in coagulopathic cardiac surgery patients. Anesthesiology. 2012;117:531–47.
Girdauskas E, Kempfert J, Kuntze T, et al. Thromboelastometrically guided transfusion protocol during aortic surgery with circulatory arrest: a prospective, randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;140:1117–24.
Westbrook AJ, Olsen J, Bailey M, Bates J, Scully M, Salamonsen RF. Protocol based on thromboelastograph (TEG) out-performs physician preference using laboratory coagulation tests to guide blood replacement during and after cardiac surgery: a pilot study. Heart Lung Circ. 2009;18:277–88.
Ak K, Isbir CS, Tetik S, et al. Thromboelastography-based transfusion algorithm reduces blood product use after elective CABG: a prospective randomized study. J Card Surg. 2009;24:404–10.
Kultufan Turan S, Aydinli B, Ayik I, et al. The role of rotational thromboelastography on decision of blood transfusion in open heart surgery. Anest Yog Bak Dern Deg. 2006;12:154–9.
Avidan MS, Alcock EL, Da Fonseca J, et al. Comparison of structured use of routine laboratory tests or near-patient assessment with clinical judgement in the management of bleeding after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2004;92:178–86.
Nuttall GA, Oliver WC, Santrach PJ, et al. Efficacy of a simple intraoperative transfusion algorithm for nonerythrocyte component utilization after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology. 2001;94:773–81.
Royston D, von Kier S. Reduced haemostatic factor transfusion using heparinase-modified thromboelastography during cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth. 2001;86:575–8.
Shore-Lesserson L, Manspeizer HE, DePerio M, et al. Thromboelastography-guided transfusion algorithm reduces transfusions in complex cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 1999;88:312–9.
Deppe AC, Weber C, Zimmermann J, et al. Point-of-care thromboelastography/thromboelastometry-based coagulation management in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 8332 patients. J Surg Res. 2016;203:424–33.
Serraino GF, Murphy GJ. Routine use of viscoelastic blood tests for diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathic bleeding in cardiac surgery: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118:823–33.
Rahe-Meyer N, Levy JH, Mazer CD, et al. Randomized evaluation of fibrinogen vs placebo in complex cardiovascular surgery (REPLACE): a double-blind phase III study of haemostatic therapy. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117:41–51.
Görlinger K, Dirkmann D, Hanke AA. Potential value of transfusion protocols in cardiac surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013;26:230–43.
Haas T, Görlinger K, Grassetto A, Agostini V, Simioni P, Nardi G, Ranucci M. Thromboelastometry for guiding bleeding management of the critically ill patient: a systematic review of the literature. Minerva Anestesiol. 2014;80:1320–35.
Görlinger K, Shore-Lesserson L, Dirkmann D, Hanke AA, Rahe-Meyer N, Tanaka KA. Management of hemorrhage in cardiothoracic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2013;27:S20–34.
Ranucci M, Pistuddi V, Di Dedda U, Menicanti L, de Vincentiis C, Baryshnikova E. Platelet function after cardiac surgery and its association with severe postoperative bleeding: the platform study. Platelets. 2018:1–7 [Epub Ahead of Print].
Solomon C, Ranucci M, Hochleitner G, Schöchl H, Schlimp CJ. Assessing the methodology for calculating platelet contribution to clot strength (platelet component) in thromboelastometry and thrombelastography. Anesth Analg. 2015;121:868–78.
Rahe-Meyer N, Solomon C, Hanke A, et al. Effects of fibrinogen concentrate as first-line therapy during major aortic replacement surgery. Anesthesiology. 2013;118:40–50.
Görlinger K, Dirkmann D, Hanke AA, Kamler M, Kottenberg E, Thielmann M, Jakob H, Peters J. First-line therapy with coagulation factor concentrates combined with point-of-care coagulation testing is associated with decreased allogeneic blood transfusion in cardiovascular surgery: a retrospective, single-center cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2011;115:1179–91.
Solomon C, Schöchl H, Hanke A, Calatzis A, Hagl C, Tanaka K, Rahe-Meyer N. Haemostatic therapy in coronary artery bypass graft patients with decreased platelet function: comparison of fibrinogen concentrate with allogeneic blood products. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2012;72:121–8.
Agarwal S, Johnson RI, Shaw M. Preoperative point-of-care platelet function testing in cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2015;29:333–41.
Agarwal S, Johnson RI, Shaw M. A comparison of fibrinogen measurement using TEG(¬Æ) functional fibrinogen and Clauss in cardiac surgery patients. Int J Lab Hematol. 2015;37:459–65.
Ranucci M, Pistuddi V, Baryshnikova E, Colella D, Bianchi P. Fibrinogen levels after cardiac surgical procedures: association with postoperative bleeding, trigger values, and target values. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102:78–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ranucci, M. (2019). Treatment Algorithms for Bleeding. In: von Heymann, C., Boer, C. (eds) Patient Blood Management in Cardiac Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15342-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15342-7_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-15341-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-15342-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)