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Water Resources in Egypt

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The Geology of Egypt

Part of the book series: Regional Geology Reviews ((RGR))

Abstract

From the late Eocene up to the late Middle Pleistocene, Egypt was a wet country due to the rainfall and rivers running through it. Out of the 1660 BCM/y of water that falls within the Nile basin, Egypt receives only 55.5 BCM/y representing about 97% of the renewable water resources in Egypt. This is in addition to the groundwater, domestic wastewater, rainfall, and desalinated water. The Blue Nile, the Atbara and the Sobat, all of which rise in Ethiopia, contribute approximately 85% of the Nile waters that reach the Aswan High Dam (AHD). The White Nile, which obtains its water from Lake Victoria and its tributaries, constitutes 15% of the Nile waters. The annual average flow of the Nile waters is 84 BCM/y, as measured at the AHD. Lake Nasser with a storage capacity of 168.9 BCM was created 5 km upstream of Aswan city in Upper Egypt, after the construction of the AHD. In addition, several barrages were erected to control the water level and discharges into the river. Serious efforts must be made by authorities in the Nile basin countries to develop strategies and plans for mitigation and adaptation as the threat of the expected climatic changes might adversely affect the amount of water resources in the Nile basin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61111, Egypt

    Mustafa El-Rawy

  2. Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Ar Riyadh, 11911, Saudi Arabia

    Mustafa El-Rawy

  3. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt

    Fathy Abdalla

  4. Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Fathy Abdalla

  5. Faculty of Science, Geology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    Mohamed El Alfy

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  1. Mustafa El-Rawy
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  2. Fathy Abdalla
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  3. Mohamed El Alfy
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Correspondence to Fathy Abdalla , Mustafa El-Rawy or Fathy Abdalla .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

    Zakaria Hamimi

  2. Department of Geology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Ahmed El-Barkooky

  3. Institutes of Geosciences, Ciudad University, Madrid, Spain

    Jesús Martínez Frías

  4. Department of Geology and Environment Earth Science, University of Graz, Vienna, Austria

    Harald Fritz

  5. Department of Geology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Yasser Abd El-Rahman

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El-Rawy, M., Abdalla, F., El Alfy, M. (2020). Water Resources in Egypt. In: Hamimi, Z., El-Barkooky, A., Martínez Frías, J., Fritz, H., Abd El-Rahman, Y. (eds) The Geology of Egypt. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15265-9_18

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