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Urban Studies and Entrepreneurship pp 53–76Cite as

The Role of Knowledge City Features in Nurturing Entrepreneurship: Evidence from EU Cities

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Abstract

The present paper aims to answer the following research questions: (i) is the knowledge city environment a stimulus for entrepreneurship? (ii) which profiles of knowledge cities stimulate entrepreneurship most? In order to answer the aforementioned research questions, two multidimensional indexes have been created: Knowledge-Based City Developing Entrepreneurship (KBCDE) and Entrepreneurship (ENT). The sample includes all capital cities in the EU28. The presence of cities from EU28 countries is important to foster the entrepreneurship attitude in each European Country. We have also included 32 non-capital cities in the EU that are important hubs, thus creating a sample formed of 60 cities. Our work tries to contribute to the debate on urban economic development and entrepreneurship, providing a stimulus for academics and urban policymakers. The empirical results show that the social and cultural environment may significantly improve entrepreneurship in EU cities, more than other factors that are usually connected to economic development.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Carolina Bruzzi

  2. Department of Political Science, Centro de Investigaciones en Econometría – CIE, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Enrico Ivaldi

  3. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Enrico Ivaldi

  4. Department of Economics and Business Studies (DIEC), Italian Center of Excellence on Logistics Transport and Infrastructure (CIELI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Enrico Musso

  5. Department of Economics and Business Studies (DIEC), Italian Center of Excellence on Logistics Transport and Infrastructure (CIELI), University of Genoa, Via Francesco Vivaldi 5, 16126, Genoa, Italy

    Lara Penco

Authors
  1. Carolina Bruzzi
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  2. Enrico Ivaldi
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  3. Enrico Musso
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  4. Lara Penco
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lara Penco .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Muhammad Naveed Iftikhar

  2. Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Jonathan B. Justice

  3. School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA

    David B. Audretsch

Appendix

Appendix

Social and talent-cultural perspective (STC)

Economy and context economy perspective (ECE)

Environmental and infrastructural perspective (ENI)

Urban innovation system perspective (UIS)

Knowledge-based cities development entrepreneurship KBCDE

Entrepreneurship (ENT)

London

3.21

Bratislava

2.33

Oxford

2.21

London

2.92

London

1.84

London

2.45

Stockholm

2.15

Copenhagen

2.15

Bucharest

1.63

Berlin

2.52

Stockholm

1.35

Helsinki

2.15

Paris

1.93

Oxford

1.97

Eindhoven

1.59

Paris

2.33

Oxford

1.33

Luxembourg

2.06

Copenhagen

1.71

Lisbon

1.92

Riga

1.54

Dublin

2

Paris

1.27

Edinburgh

2.04

Helsinki

1.7

Stockholm

1.69

Utrecht

1.53

Amsterdam

1.89

Amsterdam

1.06

Stockholm

1.89

Dublin

1.55

Hamburg

1.24

Birmingham

1.49

Stockholm

1.78

Copenhagen

1.06

Copenhagen

1.67

Amsterdam

1.18

Munich

1.22

Amsterdam

1.37

Helsinki

1.64

Helsinki

1.03

Dublin

1.52

Brussels

1

Madrid

1.07

Paris

1.24

Barcelona

1.46

Berlin

0.86

Tallinn

1.47

Edinburgh

0.95

Helsinki

1.04

The Hague

1.13

Vienna

1.21

Vienna

0.8

Bristol

1.13

Oxford

0.9

Berlin

1.04

Lille

0.97

Madrid

0.94

Dublin

0.68

Berlin

1.02

Vienna

0.83

Cambridge

0.87

Malmo

0.88

Munich

0.86

Munich

0.63

Aarhus

0.9

Gothenburg

0.71

Bucharest

0.84

Luxembourg

0.85

Cambridge

0.84

Cambridge

0.61

Valletta

0.86

Munich

0.65

Cologne

0.79

Vienna

0.85

Copenhagen

0.57

Madrid

0.53

Bordeaux

0.74

Manchester

0.62

Karlsruhe

0.78

Cambridge

0.84

Bristol

0.48

Bristol

0.44

Manchester

0.61

Birmingham

0.61

Sofia

0.77

Vilnius

0.75

Lyon

0.29

Utrecht

0.4

Birmingham

0.44

Berlin

0.61

Prague

0.64

London

0.73

Manchester

0.27

Edinburgh

0.38

Lille

0.43

Bristol

0.56

Stuttgart

0.58

Brussels

0.67

Oxford

0.25

Brussels

0.35

Paris

0.43

Luxembourg

0.48

Budapest

0.58

Manchester

0.65

Lisbon

0.24

Bratislava

0.32

Amsterdam

0.38

Glasgow

0.47

Ljubljana

0.56

Edinburgh

0.61

Tallinn

0.17

Tallinn

0.31

Cardiff

0.34

Malmo

0.39

London

0.5

Bratislava

0.51

Budapest

0.11

Manchester

0.26

Utrecht

0.28

Utrecht

0.37

Tallinn

0.42

Aarhus

0.5

Hamburg

0.08

Lisbon

0.23

Oxford

0.25

Cardiff

0.35

Bristol

0.35

Uppsala

0.5

Toulouse

0.07

Barcelona

0.23

Toulouse

0.23

Tallinn

0.31

Vienna

0.32

Lyon

0.44

Edinburgh

−0.02

Birmingham

0.21

Cambridge

0.22

Madrid

0.22

Uppsala

0.22

Bristol

0.38

Birmingham

−0.04

Eindhoven

0.17

Glasgow

0.14

Barcelona

0.21

Riga

0.18

Tallinn

0.35

Eindhoven

−0.08

Bucharest

0.16

Nicosia

0.12

Uppsala

0.2

Dublin

0.08

Bordeaux

0.19

Valencia

−0.13

Riga

0.1

Uppsala

−0.01

Aarhus

0.12

Warsaw

0.07

Cardiff

0.16

Frankfurt

−0.16

The Hague

0.04

Madrid

−0.01

Nicosia

0.09

Utrecht

0.07

Budapest

0.03

Bordeaux

−0.19

Malmo

0.03

Barcelona

−0.03

The Hague

0

Brussels

0.01

Frankfurt

−0.02

The Hague

−0.24

Uppsala

0.01

Athens

−0.09

Hamburg

−0.02

Frankfurt

0

Prague

−0.04

Brussels

−0.28

Hamburg

−0.02

Bucharest

−0.13

Cambridge

−0.11

Edinburgh

−0.04

Dusseldorf

−0.06

Cardiff

−0.29

Vilnius

−0.07

Eindhoven

−0.24

Frankfurt

−0.16

Krakow

−0.05

Madrid

−0.13

Cologne

−0.31

Aarhus

−0.09

The Hague

−0.25

Riga

−0.19

Vilnius

−0.15

Valencia

−0.14

Glasgow

−0.34

Frankfurt

−0.09

Malmo

−0.25

Eindhoven

−0.21

Amsterdam

−0.18

Munich

−0.2

Krakow

−0.35

Budapest

−0.09

Riga

−0.28

Stuttgart

−0.33

Aarhus

−0.41

Barcelona

−0.21

Lille

−0.35

Cologne

−0.1

Valencia

−0.29

Karlsruhe

−0.34

Toulouse

−0.41

Copenhagen

−0.21

Utrecht

−0.37

Cardiff

−0.13

Milan

−0.31

Lyon

−0.4

Paris

−0.43

Stockholm

−0.23

Ljubljana

−0.38

Lyon

−0.15

Sofia

−0.36

Vilnius

−0.41

Rome

−0.47

Helsinki

−0.27

Karlsruhe

−0.41

Prague

−0.2

Stuttgart

−0.38

Athens

−0.45

Malmo

−0.49

Cologne

−0.28

Warsaw

−0.44

Karlsruhe

−0.34

Munich

−0.48

Cologne

−0.6

Manchester

−0.49

Lisbon

−0.35

Vilnius

−0.45

Luxembourg

−0.37

Turin

−0.55

Prague

−0.62

Barcelona

−0.56

Warsaw

−0.35

Bratislava

−0.56

Glasgow

−0.39

Vilnius

−0.58

Valencia

−0.74

Zagreb

−0.61

Toulouse

−0.36

Aarhus

−0.56

Toulouse

−0.4

Lyon

−0.59

Ljubljana

−0.77

Gothenburg

−0.63

Glasgow

−0.53

Dusseldorf

−0.61

Warsaw

−0.42

Rome

−0.59

Dusseldorf

−0.77

Eindhoven

−0.63

Milan

−0.58

Malmo

−0.66

Gothenburg

−0.42

Frankfurt

−0.6

Sofia

−0.82

Dresden

−0.66

Berlin

−0.73

Gothenburg

−0.67

Stuttgart

−0.45

Cologne

−0.73

Milan

−0.83

Athens

−0.7

Sofia

−0.85

Milan

−0.67

Sofia

−0.5

Dusseldorf

−0.73

Lisbon

−0.88

The Hague

−0.72

Krakow

−0.88

Luxembourg

−0.73

Ljubljana

−0.51

Lisbon

−0.82

Toulouse

−0.9

Dusseldorf

−0.74

Dublin

−0.9

Prague

−0.78

Dusseldorf

−0.55

Warsaw

−0.87

Bucharest

−0.94

Cardiff

−0.75

Valletta

−1.04

Uppsala

−0.87

Bordeaux

−0.56

Brussels

−0.89

Warsaw

−0.95

Turin

−0.93

Stuttgart

−1.04

Nicosia

−0.88

Lille

−0.63

Prague

−0.92

Rome

−0.95

Lyon

−0.95

Zagreb

−1.09

Bucharest

−0.9

Valencia

−0.67

Dresden

−0.94

Zagreb

−1.01

Milan

−1.13

Gothenburg

−1.1

Rome

−0.95

Krakow

−0.76

Gothenburg

−0.99

Bratislava

−1.01

Glasgow

−1.16

Athens

−1.3

Stuttgart

−1

Milan

−0.8

Karlsruhe

−1.03

Bordeaux

−1.07

Bordeaux

−1.17

Karlsruhe

−1.38

Dresden

−1.04

Athens

−0.87

Hamburg

−1.05

Budapest

−1.07

Birmingham

−1.22

Hamburg

−1.4

Athens

−1.05

Rome

−0.98

Zagreb

−1.21

Dresden

−1.25

Nicosia

−1.39

Ljubljana

−1.46

Turin

−1.06

Zagreb

−0.99

Vienna

−1.23

Valletta

−1.41

Lille

−1.6

Rome

−1.54

Sofia

−1.12

Nicosia

−1.13

Krakow

−1.28

Lille

−1.55

Valencia

−1.66

Dresden

−1.76

Riga

−1.12

Dresden

−1.18

Bratislava

−1.49

Turin

−1.58

Valletta

−1.9

Turin

−1.86

Zagreb

−1.28

Turin

−1.35

Ljubljana

−1.53

Krakow

−1.76

Luxembourg

−2.08

Nicosia

−2.33

Valletta

−1.62

Valletta

−1.49

Budapest

−2.06

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Bruzzi, C., Ivaldi, E., Musso, E., Penco, L. (2020). The Role of Knowledge City Features in Nurturing Entrepreneurship: Evidence from EU Cities. In: Iftikhar, M., Justice, J., Audretsch, D. (eds) Urban Studies and Entrepreneurship. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15164-5_4

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