Skip to main content

The Evolution of Professionalism in the Field of Election Administration

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover The Future of Election Administration

Part of the book series: Elections, Voting, Technology ((EVT))

Abstract

As the pressures on election administration have changed over the years, so has the need for a more professionalized workforce. In this chapter, the authors discuss the trajectory of professionalism in election administration. They begin with a history of professionalism in the field, provide an overview of extant training and education, and analyze differences in professionalism across the states and covariates to these differences. They conclude with a discussion of how the professionalism of the field should move forward to better support the future of election administration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 24.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 32.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    We collapsed the counts into an ordinal variable using quartiles and scaled it to match the other variables.

  2. 2.

    The iteration we present here includes the Election Center, Democracy Fund, Bipartisan Policy Center, the Election Assistance Commission (EAC), the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED), and the National Association of Secretary of State (NASS). In the case of NASS, the measure reflects designation as the chair and co-chair of its Elections Committee. Relationships between local, state and national organizations through board membership and key committees are linked to professionalism, development of new institutional architecture, and innovation across a variety of substantive areas in public service (Hale 2011; Tolbert et al. 2008).

  3. 3.

    This variable was generated by Katy Owens Hubler through her work with the National Conference on State Legislatures.

  4. 4.

    Our thanks to Lindsey Forson, one of our graduate students, with help collecting this information.

References

  • Adams, Guy B. “Ethics and the Chimera of Professionalism: The Historical Context of an Oxymoronic Relationship.” The American Review of Public Administration, 23 (1993): 117–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, Evan M. “Professionalism Among Public and Nonprofit Managers.” American Review of Public Administration, 60, no. 5 (1999): 409–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. Performance and Productivity in Public and Nonprofit Organizations. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman, Evan M., and Xiao Hu Wang. “Performance Measurement in U. S. Counties: Capacity for Reform.” Public Administration Review, 60, no. 5 (2000): 409–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Mitchell. “Mobilization Through Third Party Groups.” In Why Don’t Americans Vote: Causes and Consequences, edited by Bridgett A. King and Kathleen Hale, 184–192. California: ABC-CLIO, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, Eric A., and Kevin J. Coleman. Election Reform and Local Election Officials: Results of Two National Surveys. Washington, DC: CRS Report for Congress, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, Kathleen. How Information Matters: Networks and Public Policy Innovation. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, Kathleen, and Mitchell Brown. “Adopting, Adapting, and Opting Out: State Response to Federal Voting System Guidelines.” Publius, 43 (2013): 428–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. “Inter-Local Diffusion and Difference: How Networks Are Transforming Public Service.” In Transforming Government Organizations: Fresh Ideas and Examples from the Field, edited by Floyd Dewey, William Sauser, Sheri Bias, 333–356. North Carolina: North Carolina Information Age Publishing, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. Innovation in Election Administration. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, Kathleen, Robert Montjoy, and Mitchell Brown. Administering Elections: How American Elections Work. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, Joseph P. Election Administration in the United States. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Institute for Government Research, Studies in Administration No. 27, 1934. https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/itl/vote/harris_6.pdf.

  • Loomis, Burdett, and Allan Cigler. “The Changing Nature of Interest Group Politics.” In Interest Group Politics, edited by Allan Cigler, Burdett Loomis, and Anthony Nownes, 1–63. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, Coyle B., Branco Ponomariov, and Fabyan Estrada. “Professional Cities: Accredited Agencies, Government Structure, and Rational Choice.” Public Administration Review, 78, no. 2 (2017): 295–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMurtry, Virginia A. History of Civil Service Merit Systems of The United States and Selected Foreign Countries, Together with Executive Reorganization Studies and Personnel Recommendations. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rainey, Hal G., and Paula Steinbauer. “Galloping Elephants: Developing Elements of a Theory of Effective Government Organizations.” Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, 9 (1999): 1–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, Caroline J., Karen Mossberger, and Ramona McNeal. “Institutions, Policy Innovation, and eGovernment in the American States.” Public Administration Review, 68, no. 3 (2008): 549–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, Leonard D. The Republican Era, 1869–1901: A Study in Administrative History. New York: Macmillan, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, James Q. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New York: Basic Books, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mitchell Brown .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Brown, M., Hale, K. (2020). The Evolution of Professionalism in the Field of Election Administration. In: Brown, M., Hale, K., King, B. (eds) The Future of Election Administration. Elections, Voting, Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14947-5_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics