Advertisement

Gender and Climate Change: Towards Comprehensive Policy Options

Chapter
Part of the Gender, Development and Social Change book series (GDSC)

Abstract

This chapter reviews women’s vulnerability to climate change, gender differences in attitudes and behaviours towards climate change, and gender differences in climate change adaptation. The vulnerability can be traced back to a lack of resources available to women, an unfavourable division of labour, and specific cultural restrictions on the activities of women. In addition, the positive influence of women on decision-making with regard to climate change mitigation can be explained by whether the contributions of men and women to communities are complementary. This deepened understanding has led to the emergence of policy options which address gender and climate change in a comprehensive and cohesive manner. Many mitigation measures, for example, generate synergy effects, thus creating an improved understanding of how climate policy can be designed in a gender-sensitive way. This chapter provides solid guidance for policymakers interested in the SDG target 5.a and in all the targets listed in the SDG 13.

References

  1. Agarwal, B. (2009a). Gender and Forest Conservation: The Impact of Women’s Participation in Community Forest Governance. Ecological Economics, 68(11), 2785–2799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Agarwal, B. (2009b). Rule Making in Community Forestry Institutions: The Difference Women Make. Ecological Economics, 68(8), 2296–2308.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.02.017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Agarwal, B. (2010). Does Women’s Proportional Strength Affect Their Participation? Governing Local Forests in South Asia. World Development, 38(1), 98–112.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.04.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Ajibade, I., McBean, G., & Bezner-Kerr, R. (2013). Urban Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria: Patterns of Vulnerability and Resilience among Women. Global Environmental Change, 23(6), 1714–1725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Allwood, G. (2014). Gender Mainstreaming and EU Climate Change Policy. European Integration Online Papers, 18(1), 1–21.Google Scholar
  6. Alston, M. (2014). Gender Mainstreaming and Climate Change. Special Issue on Gender, Mobility and Social Change—Guest Edited by Lena Nare and Parveen Akhtar, 47(Part B), 287–294.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.01.016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Andersson, E., & Gabrielsson, S. (2012). ‘Because of Poverty, We Had to Come Together’: Collective Action for Improved Food Security in Rural Kenya and Uganda. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 10(3), 245–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Aregu, L., Darnhofer, I., Tegegne, A., Hoekstra, D., & Wurzinger, M. (2016). The Impact of Gender-Blindness on Social-Ecological Resilience: The Case of a Communal Pasture in the Highlands of Ethiopia. Ambio, 45(3), 287–296.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0846-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Arora-Jonsson, S. (2011). Virtue and Vulnerability: Discourses on Women, Gender and Climate Change. Global Environmental Change, 21(2), 744–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Bhattarai, B., Beilin, R., & Ford, R. (2015). Gender, Agrobiodiversity, and Climate Change: A Study of Adaptation Practices in the Nepal Himalayas. World Development, 70, 122–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Bob, U., & Babugura, A. (2014). Contextualising and Conceptualising Gender and Climate Change in Africa. Agenda, 28(3), 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Buchanan, A., Reed, M. G., & Lidestav, G. (2016). What’s Counted as a Reindeer Herder? Gender and the Adaptive Capacity of Sami Reindeer Herding Communities in Sweden. Ambio, 45(3), 352–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Cohen, P. J., Lawless, S., Dyer, M., Morgan, M., Saeni, E., Teioli, H., & Kantor, P. (2016). Understanding Adaptive Capacity and Capacity to Innovate in Social–Ecological Systems: Applying a Gender Lens. Ambio, 45(3), 309–321.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0831-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Connolly-Boutin, L., & Smit, B. (2016). Climate Change, Food Security, and Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. Regional Environmental Change, 16(2), 385–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Dah-gbeto, A. P., & Villamor, G. B. (2016). Gender-Specific Responses to Climate Variability in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem in Northern Benin. Ambio, 45(3), 297–308.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0830-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Daka, K. R., & Ballet, J. (2011). Children’s Education and Home Electrification: A Case Study in Northwestern Madagascar. Energy Policy, 39(5), 2866–2874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Díaz-Reviriego, I., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Salpeteur, M., Howard, P. L., & Reyes-García, V. (2016). Gendered Medicinal Plant Knowledge Contributions to Adaptive Capacity and Health Sovereignty in Amazonia. Ambio, 45(3), 263–275.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0826-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Dietz, T., Kalof, L., & Stern, P. C. (2002). Gender, Values, and Environmentalism. Social Science Quarterly, 83(1), 353–364.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.00088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Dinkelman, T. (2011). The Effects of Rural Electrification on Employment: New Evidence from South Africa. The American Economic Review, 101(7), 3078–3108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Djoudi, H., & Brockhaus, M. (2011). Is Adaptation to Climate Change Gender Neutral? Lessons from Communities Dependent on Livestock and Forests in Northern Mali. International Forestry Review, 13(2), 123–135.  https://doi.org/10.1505/146554811797406606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Djoudi, H., Locatelli, B., Vaast, C., Asher, K., Brockhaus, M., & Basnett Sijapati, B. (2016). Beyond Dichotomies: Gender and Intersecting Inequalities in Climate Change Studies. Ambio, 45(3), 248–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Glazebrook, T. (2011). Women and Climate Change: A Case Study from Northeast Ghana. Hypatia, 26(4), 762–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Goldsmith, R. E., Feygina, I., & Jost, J. T. (2013). The Gender Gap in Environmental Attitudes: A System Justification Perspective. In M. Alston & K. Whittenbury (Eds.), Research, Action and Policy: Addressing the Gendered Impacts of Climate Change (pp. 159–171). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5518-5_12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Hope, K. R., Sr. (2009). Climate Change and Poverty in Africa. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 16(6), 451–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Hunter, L. M., Hatch, A., & Johnson, A. (2004). Cross-National Gender Variation in Environmental Behaviors. Social Science Quarterly, 85(3), 677–694.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.00239.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Jaggernath, J. (2014). Women, Climate Change and Environmentally-Induced Conflicts in Africa. Agenda, 28(3), 90–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Jost, C., Kyazze, F., Naab, J., Neelormi, S., Kinyangi, J., Zougmore, R., et al. (2016). Understanding Gender Dimensions of Agriculture and Climate Change in Smallholder Farming Communities. Climate and Development, 8(2), 133–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Kakota, T., Nyariki, D., Mkwambisi, D., & Kogi-Makau, W. (2011). Gender Vulnerability to Climate Variability and Household Food Insecurity. Climate and Development, 3(4), 298–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Kumar, N., & Quisumbing, A. R. (2013). Gendered Impacts of the 2007–2008 Food Price Crisis: Evidence Using Panel Data from Rural Ethiopia. Food Policy, 38, 11–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. MacGregor, S. (2009). A Stranger Silence Still: The Need for Feminist Social Research on Climate Change. The Sociological Review, 57(2,_Suppl), 124–140.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01889.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. MacGregor, S. (2010). ‘Gender and Climate Change’: From Impacts to Discourses. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 6(2), 223–238.  https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2010.536669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Magrath, J. (2010). The Injustice of Climate Change: Voices from Africa. Local Environment, 15(9–10), 891–901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. McCarthy, N., & Kilic, T. (2015). The Nexus between Gender, Collective Action for Public Goods and Agriculture: Evidence from Malawi. Agricultural Economics, 46(3), 375–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Meyiwa, T., Maseti, T., Ngubane, S., Letsekha, T., & Rozani, C. (2014). Women in Selected Rural Municipalities: Resilience and Agency against Vulnerabilities to Climate Change. Agenda, 28(3), 102–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Mubila, M., Nabalamba, A., & Alexander, P. (2011). Climate Change, Gender and Development in Africa. African Development Bank Policy Brief, 1(1), 7.Google Scholar
  36. Nhamo, G. (2014). Addressing Women in Climate Change Policies: A Focus on Selected East and Southern African Countries. Agenda, 28(3), 156–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Onta, N., & Resurreccion, B. P. (2011). The Role of Gender and Caste in Climate Adaptation Strategies in Nepal: Emerging Change and Persistent Inequalities in the Far-Western Region. Mountain Research and Development, 31(4), 351–356.Google Scholar
  38. Oxfam. (2015). Africa’s Smallholders Adapting to Climate Change. Oxfam.Google Scholar
  39. Parikh, J. (2011). Hardships and Health Impacts on Women Due to Traditional Cooking Fuels: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh, India. Energy Policy, 39(12), 7587–7594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Pearse, R. (2017). Gender and Climate Change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 8(2), e451.Google Scholar
  41. Ravera, F., Martín-López, B., Pascual, U., & Drucker, A. (2016). The Diversity of Gendered Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change of Indian Farmers: A Feminist Intersectional Approach. Ambio, 45(3), 335–351.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0833-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Saenz, M., & Thompson, E. (2017). Gender and Policy Roles in Farm Household Diversification in Zambia. World Development, 89(Suppl. C), 152–169.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Smucker, T. A., & Wangui, E. E. (2016). Gendered Knowledge and Adaptive Practices: Differentiation and Change in Mwanga District, Tanzania. Ambio, 45(3), 276–286.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0828-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Sugden, F., Maskey, N., Clement, F., Ramesh, V., Philip, A., & Rai, A. (2014). Agrarian Stress and Climate Change in the Eastern Gangetic Plains: Gendered Vulnerability in a Stratified Social Formation. Global Environmental Change, 29, 258–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Sundblad, E.-L., Biel, A., & Gärling, T. (2007). Cognitive and Affective Risk Judgements Related to Climate Change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(2), 97–106.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.01.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Sundström, A., & McCright, A. M. (2014). Gender Differences in Environmental Concern Among Swedish Citizens and Politicians. Environmental Politics, 23(6), 1082–1095.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2014.921462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Thompson-Hall, M., Carr, E. R., & Pascual, U. (2016). Enhancing and Expanding Intersectional Research for Climate Change Adaptation in Agrarian Settings. Ambio, 45(3), 373–382.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0827-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Torres-Duque, C., Maldonado, D., Pérez-Padilla, R., Ezzati, M., & Viegi, G. (2008). Biomass Fuels and Respiratory Diseases: A Review of the Evidence. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 5(5), 577–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. UNDP. (2011). Gender and Climate Change—Africa. United Nations Development Programme Policy Brief 1.Google Scholar
  50. UNDP. (2012). Overview of Linkages between Gender and Climate Change. United Nations Development Programme Policy Brief 1.Google Scholar
  51. Van Aelst, K., & Holvoet, N. (2016). Intersections of Gender and Marital Status in Accessing Climate Change Adaptation: Evidence from Rural Tanzania. World Development, 79, 40–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Westermann, O., Ashby, J., & Pretty, J. (2005). Gender and Social Capital: The Importance of Gender Differences for the Maturity and Effectiveness of Natural Resource Management Groups. World Development, 33(11), 1783–1799.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.04.018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Zelezny, L. C., Chua, P.-P., & Aldrich, C. (2000). New Ways of Thinking About Environmentalism: Elaborating on Gender Differences in Environmentalism. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 443–457.  https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2020

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)BerlinGermany
  2. 2.United Nations University (UNU-MERIT)MaastrichtThe Netherlands

Personalised recommendations