Abstract
The intention of this chapter was to analyse the dissemination of descriptive geometry within the entire region of Latin America in the broad sense, thus of all the countries in the Americas with either Spanish or Portuguese as their main language. Yet, despite the decisive difference between the former Spanish colonies and Brazil as a former Portuguese colony, in that higher education became established in the Spanish colonies in the sixteenth century—in contrast to Brazil, without such structures—the history of this dissemination is poorly researched for the former region while there is pertinent research for the latter.
The chapter will therefore describe this situation for the former Spanish colonies and analyse in more detail the development in Brazil from 1810, where a net of institutions teaching descriptive geometry emerged.
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Notes
- 1.
Carvalho, in his chapter on mathematics education in Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, invested enormous efforts to detect local histories for the various countries; it proved to be enormously difficult to obtain relevant information (Carvalho 2014).
- 2.
Regarding Zorraquin’s textbook (see Ausejo, Chap. 5, this volume).
- 3.
- 4.
Communication by Pitombeira Carvalho.
- 5.
Legendre’s Geometry was already translated in 1809 by Manoel Ferreira de Araújo Guimarães . This same year, Legendre’s appendix was published as Tratado de Trigonometria, and Euler’s algebra as Elementos d’Algebra.
- 6.
Strangely, Saraiva in his excellent paper on the early history of mathematics at the Academy (Saraiva 2007) does not mention the discipline and the professor of descriptive geometry—as if he would not count this discipline as part of mathematics.
- 7.
Besides Monge, Vitorino also translated Lacroix’s Application de l’Algèbre à la Géométrie and published in 1832 an own textbook: Geometria e Mecânica das Artes, dos Ofícios e das Belas Artes. He retired at the Academia, some years before 1840.
- 8.
Site with the history of the Niemeyer family: http://www.cbg.org.br/novo/niemeyer-na-engenharia/.
- 9.
“Escola de Architetos Medidores”, Diario do Rio de Janeiro, Saturday, 4 March 1837. We are grateful to Bruno Dassie who informed us of this newspaper publication.
- 10.
The programme for the year 1876 is documented completely in Miranda (2001). For this research, the teaching programmes for descriptive geometry between 1878 and 1899 have been analysed. They are preserved in the Biblioteca de Obras Raras of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
- 11.
Frères de l’Instruction Chrétienne.
- 12.
C. Roubaudi was the author of a descriptive geometry textbook, published in Paris in 1916.
- 13.
The thesis is extant in the BOR, the Biblioteca das Obras Raras, Instituto de Matemática, UFRJ.
- 14.
The development of mathematics at this school and also that at the Escola Politécnica de São Paulo (see below) are subjects of the PhD thesis of Vinicius Mendes Couta Pereira, supervised by Gert Schubring.
- 15.
See Schubring (Chap. 22, this volume).
- 16.
This school and its professor Alvaro Rodrigues is the subject of the PhD thesis of Thiago Oliveira, supervised by Luiz Carlos Guimarães (Oliveira 2016).
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Arquivo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro
Série Educação
Academia Militar. Textbooks used in 1837. Código IG35. [AN 1]
Programme of the Escola Central, 1861. Código IE278. [AN 2]
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Arquivos da USP (Universidade de São Paulo) Arquivos da Escola Politécnica
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Schubring, G., Mendes, V., Oliveira, T. (2019). The Dissemination of Descriptive Geometry in Latin America. In: Barbin, É., Menghini, M., Volkert, K. (eds) Descriptive Geometry, The Spread of a Polytechnic Art. International Studies in the History of Mathematics and its Teaching. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14808-9_21
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