Adam Smith

Trincado, Estrella

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14306-0_4

Estrella Trincado²

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Abstract

The recent contribution by Rasmussen claims that Adam Smith was somehow a Humean, with only some questioning points to the theory of Hume. In this chapter, we show that Smith was clearly criticizing Hume. Smith was presenting an alternative theory. Smith claims that perception is not a bundle of sensations but something whole, where depth makes us grasp reality. For Smith, the self is permanent and active existence, although it may have reactive movements. Besides, Hume and Smith found a non-selfish concept of sympathy, but they define it differently. For Hume, the spectator shares the pleasure of those benefited; Smith believed that the propriety of action arises from a direct sympathy with the motives of the person, who must be respectful to some shared reality. Its merit arises from an indirect sympathy with the gratitude of the people affected, something that does not necessarily appeal to giving something in return. Time perception seems to be a differentiating factor between both theories.

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Notes

1.
Griswold (1999, 29–39) and Ross (2004, 40–59).
2.
Schliesser (2006) and Griswold (1999, 336–344).
3.
See Vivenza (2001, 206–209) and Trincado (2006a). On his epistemological option and Newtonianism see also Schliesser (2005), Montes (2009), and Fiori (2012).
4.
Corr. 296.
5.
Smith (1976a), TMS I.i.4.4, 61.
6.
Smith (1980), External Senses 21.
7.
Smith (1980), External Senses 8.
8.
Smith (1980), External Senses 75, 164.
9.
Smith (1980), External Senses 50–52, 150–152.
10.
Smith (1980), External Senses 59, 155.
11.
Smith (1980), External Senses 67. See also External Senses 52, 65–67, 151–152, 159–160.
12.
Marchán (1996, 239–240).
13.
Tatarkiewicz (1987, 159).
14.
Mizuta (2000, 14–16).
15.
Vivenza (2001, 2). Also Fleischacker (1999) and Griswold (1999) or Carrasco (2004).
16.
Smith (1980), External Senses 3–8, 135–136.
17.
Smith (1983), LRBL, Languages, 34, 221.
18.
Hume (1964).
19.
For different concepts of utility , see Long (1990, 12–39) and Stigler (1950, 58: 4: 307–327 and 58: 5: 373–396, p. 392).
20.
Smith (1976b, 181–183).
21.
Haakonssen (1981, 97–110) and Vivenza (2001, 143).
22.
Griswold (1999, 540) and Trincado (2003b).
23.
Schliesser (2009).
24.
Smith (1976a, 77–78).
25.
Smith (1987, 270).
26.
Smith (1976a, 149).
27.
Smith (1976a, 41–42).
28.
Smith (1980, 176–207).
29.
Smith (1980, 187).
30.
Smith (1976a), TMS VII.ii.1.19–22, 275–278.
31.
Smith (1976a, 294–300).
32.
Smith (1976a, 299).
33.
Smith (1976a), TMS VI.iii.21, 246.
34.
Smith (1980, 167–168).
35.
Smith (1976a, 152).
36.
Waszek (1984).
37.
For Stoics influences in Smith, see Lázaro (2012).
38.
Klein (2016).
39.
Smith (1976a, 213).
40.
Smith (1976a, 216).
41.
Smith (1976a, 238).
42.
As in Smith (1976a, 238–239).
43.
Meardon and Ortmann (1996), Montes (2004, 76–86), and McKenna (2006).
44.
Griswold (1999, 119).
45.
Persky (1995).
46.
Morrow (1923) and Garbo (2016).
47.
Smith (1976a), TMS VI.iii.25, 247.
48.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.i.3, 111.
49.
Corr. 49.
50.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.i.2–5, 109–112; TMS IV.ii.
51.
See the objections by Stewart and Thomas Reid in Thomas Brown lectures. Reeder (1997, 143–144).
52.
See Trincado (2006b).
53.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.4.2–4, 157.
54.
Related in TMS III.iv.4–6, 157–159. Self -deception in the Impartial Spectator is studied in Gerschlager (2002).
55.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.
56.
Cropsey (1957) and Pack (1991).
57.
Smith (1976a), TMS I.i.1.13, 12.
58.
Griswold (1999, 89).
59.
See (Montes 2004, 101–114). But, curiously, in the Glasgow edition of the TMS there is only one reference to the word ‘liberty’ (Harpham 2000).
60.
Debes (2012).
61.
For the question of self-love , see Black (2006).
62.
Imitative Arts I.17, 186.
63.
Smith (1976a), TMS I.i.1.13, 13.
64.
Smith (1976a), TMS V.ii.11, 208.
65.
Smith (1976a), TMS V.2.6, 203.
66.
Smith (1976a), TMS IV.i.1–6, 179–180.
67.
Smith (1976a), TMS IV.i.8, 181.
68.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.iii.32, 151.
69.
See Griswold (1999, 10–11).
70.
Corr. 48–57.
71.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.ii.32, 130.
72.
The Correspondence of Adam Smith , Letter 40 to Gilbert Elliot, Glasgow, 10 October 1959, p. 49 (ed. Mossner and Ross).
73.
Smith (1976a), TMS V.ii.1, 200.
74.
Smith (1976a), TMS V.ii.11, 208.
75.
Smith (1976a), TMS V.ii.9, 206.
76.
Hope (1989, 9) and Campbell (1971).
77.
Smith (1976a), TMS VI.iii.25, 247.
78.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.ii.32, 131. See also Smith (1976a), TMS III.v.9, 168; Smith (1976a), TMS III.ii.12, 121.
79.
Smith (1976a), TMS II.i.v.2, 74.
80.
Smith (1980), Astronomy III. 2, 48.
81.
Smith (1980), Astronomy III.2, 49.
82.
Haakonssen (1996, 135–148).
83.
See Trincado (2003a) and Huxley (1963).
84.
Trincado (2004).
85.
TMS VII.ii.1.34, 287.
86.
Ricoeur (1984, 27).
87.
Smith (1976a), TMS VI.ii.3.4, 236.
88.
Smith (1976a), TMS VII.iii.3.13–14, 325. For comparison with utilitarian theory, see TMS VII.ii.3.21, 305–306.
89.
Astronomy III.3, 51.
90.
Smith (1976a), TMS VI.iii.49, 260.
91.
Smith (1976a), TMS VII.iv.26, 336.
92.
Schliesser (2006).
93.
Lázaro (2010, 76–77), quoting Grimaldi (1998).
94.
Smith (1976b), WN I.x.b, 124.
95.
Smith (1976b), WN I.x.b, 126.
96.
Marchán (1996, 50).
97.
Berkeley (1709, 1732).
98.
Hobbes (1989, 43).
99.
Carrasco (2004).
100.
Tasset (1999, 47).
101.
Stroud (1977, 167–168).
102.
Hume (1964a, 476), Treatise: I: IV: I. See Livingston (1984).
103.
Tasset (1999, 50). On the several meanings of the term “reason” in Hume, see Tasset (1999, 47–59) and Norton (1982, 96–98).
104.
Smith (1976a): TMS: 67–68, I: I: IV.
105.
Smith (1976a, 68–69), I: IV.
106.
Darwall (1999, 142).
107.
Rasmussen (2017, 41).
108.
Hühn (2017).
109.
Simon (1957), Rubinstein (1998), and Thaler (1994).
110.
Popper (1957).
111.
Schumpeter (1991).
112.
Smith (1976a), TMS III.4.5, 158; VII.iii.3, 321–327.
113.
Smith (1976a), TMS: 1: 1: 1: 52. See Fricke (2016, 181–183) and Rasmussen (2017, 90–94).
114.
Smith, TMS: I: 1: V.
115.
See Holthoon (1993, 45).
116.
For the importance of love in smith, see Griswold and Uyl (1996).
117.
Smith (1976a), TMS VII.iii.3.17, 327.
118.
Raynor (1984).
119.
Foot 36 of Smith, TMS: VII: II: I: 287, ed. Raphael and Macfie.
120.
Smith (1976b), TMS: VII: I: II, par. 34.
121.
Smith (1976b), TMS: VII: II: I: 504–505.
122.
Tasset (1995, 101). See also Griswold (1999, Ch. 6); or Vivenza 2001.
123.
Fleischacker (2012, 276).
124.
Darwall (1998, 264–269).
125.
Fontaine (2001, 388). Raynor (1984) differed from Fointaine’s claim.
126.
Smith (1976a), TMS VII.iv.28, 337. Smith (1976a), TMS VII.iii.1.4, 317.
127.
Mossner (1980, 66, 70).
128.
Mill (1971).
129.
Haakonsen (1981, Ch. 4), Fleischacker (2004, 151–154), Pack and Schliesser (2004, 61–63), and Frazer (2010, Ch. 4).
130.
Macpherson (1970).
131.
Tasset (1999, 243–244).
132.
Trincado (2000, 2004).
133.
Smith (1978), LJ 104.
134.
Smith (1978), LJ 547 and LJ (B): 475: 182. See Fleischacker (2004, 151).
135.
Pack and Schliesser (2004).
136.
Fitzgibbons (1995, 22).

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Trincado, E. (2019). Adam Smith. In: The Birth of Economic Rhetoric. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14306-0_4

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