Arrhythmia Surgery and Epicardial Pacemaker Strategies

Abstract

Concomitant arrhythmia surgery in association with initial or repeat congenital heart repairs in adults has assumed an important role in the treatment of congenital heart disease. The most common long-term complications after congenital heart repairs are arrhythmias and heart failure and can lead to decreased functional class, multiple readmissions to the hospital, and sudden death. Every adult patient who presents for repair of congenital heart disease with concomitant arrhythmias should be approached with an opportunity to treat both entities, as many reports have documented the efficacy and utility of this approach. This chapter is organized by type of arrhythmia, mechanism, and treatment options.

Figure Credits

• Figs. 12.1, 12.2, 12.4–12.6, 12.9, 12.10, 12.21: Mavroudis C, Deal BJ, Backer CL, Tsao S. Arrhythmia surgery in patients with and without congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:857–68. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier).

• Figs. 12.3, 12.7, 12.8: Mavroudis C, Deal BJ, Backer CL. Arrhythmia surgery in association with complex congenital heart repairs excluding patients with fontan conversion. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2003;6:33–50. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier).

• Figs. 12.11–12.20: Mavroudis C, Deal BJ, Backer CL. Surgical therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. In: Mavroudis C, Backer C, editors. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 4th ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. p. 769–812. (Reproduced with permission from John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).

• Fig. 12.22: Mavroudis C, Deal BJ, Backer CL, Stewart RD, Franklin WH, Tsao S, et al. J. Maxwell Chamberlain Memorial Paper for congenital heart surgery. 111 Fontan conversions with arrhythmia surgery: surgical lessons and outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;84:1457–65. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier).

• Fig. 12.23: Mavroudis C, Deal BJ, Backer CL. Surgery for arrhythmias in children. Int J Cardiol. 2004;97:39–51. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier).

• Figs. 12.24, 12.26, 12.27: Mavroudis C. Arrhythmia surgery and pacemaker placement not associated with Fontan conversion. In: Mavroudis C, Backer CL, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. London: Springer-Verlag; 2015. p. 255–71. (Reproduced with permission from Springer Nature).

• Figs. 12.25, 12.28: Mavroudis C, Stulak JM, Ad N, Siegel A, Giamberti A, Harris L, et al. Prophylactic atrial arrhythmia surgical procedures with congenital heart operations: review and recommendations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99:352–9. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier).

• Figs. 12.26, 12.27: Mavroudis C. Arrhythmia surgery and pacemaker placement not associated with Fontan conversion. In: Mavroudis C, Backer CL, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. London: Springer-Verlag; 2015. p. 255–71. (Reproduced with permission from Springer Nature).