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Epilogue

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Book cover The Cyprus Tribute and Geopolitics in the Levant, 1875–1960

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Abstract

As we saw in Chapter 1, Disraeli believed he had found in Cyprus, not an ideal base, but a geographical location in which he could further deter the Russians from expansion into Asia. The base did not materialise. The intended financial utility of the island was hampered by the subsequent failure to develop its infrastructure. This epilogue observes the belated creation of a British base in Cyprus in the context of the cold war, long after the tribute had ceased to be an issue for the Cypriots. It follows the final redemption of the 1855 Crimean War Guaranteed loan in the aftermath of the island’s independence.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Simmons Memorandum, 7 March 1878, Papers of Sir John Lintorn Simmons , FO358/1, NA.

  2. 2.

    A. J. Meyer (1959, 254).

  3. 3.

    John Reddaway (1986, 11–12).

  4. 4.

    Robert Holland (1998, 35–36).

  5. 5.

    Military Expenditure, Cyprus, Statement by John Hare, Secretary of State for War, 7 July 1957, Hansard.

  6. 6.

    Panagides (1967, 9).

  7. 7.

    Kyriakides (1996, 87–89). This clear analysis also conveys the extent of improvements made island-wide in key areas—ports, roads and Nicosia airport. See also Christodoulou (1992, 117–118).

  8. 8.

    Panagides (1967, 9).

  9. 9.

    Stephanidis (1999, 146).

  10. 10.

    Kyriakides (1996), Table III(ii), 209 and 344.

  11. 11.

    See image of slogan “ΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΘΕΛΩΜΕ ΚΑΙ ΑΣ ΤΡΩΓΩΜΕ ΠΕΤΡΕΣ (We want Greece , even if we have to eat stones)”, https://www.stoxos.gr/2010/04/1955-1959.html.

  12. 12.

    Munroe (1938, 53).

  13. 13.

    Munroe, 25.

  14. 14.

    Kelling (1990, 79).

  15. 15.

    Dick Brookman-White MP to Alan Lennox Boyd , 22 October 1954, cited in Holland (1998, 148).

  16. 16.

    The Times, June 2, 1956.

  17. 17.

    Eden (1960, 245).

  18. 18.

    R. J. Vile, “Report on the Financial Position of Cyprus”, 14 March 1958, CO926/832, NA.

  19. 19.

    Harding to Lennox-Boyd , 29 September 1956, CO926/346, NA.

  20. 20.

    Lennox Boyd , 21 November 1956, T220/466, NA.

  21. 21.

    Treasury memorandum on Radcliffe’s visit to Cyprus, A. Peck, 16 October 1956, T220/466, NA.

  22. 22.

    Treasury memorandum, A. Peck, 31 October 1956, T220/466, NA.

  23. 23.

    Radcliffe to Harding, 3 December 1956, CO926/346, NA.

  24. 24.

    “The situation regarding 1855 Debt Charge in 1959”, Memorandum by Mrs. Boothroyd, 12 December 1959, T220/1084, NA.

  25. 25.

    Article IV, Clause I, 18 & 19 Victoria, c.99, 14 August 1855.

  26. 26.

    The Statute Law Revision Act 1892 55 & 56 Victoria, (c.19), 20 June 1898.

  27. 27.

    Background paper attached to a Treasury memorandum by J. M. Bridgemen, 19 January 1960, T220/1084, NA.

  28. 28.

    Article III, 18 & 19 Victoria (c.99), 14 August 1855.

  29. 29.

    H. C. Yeomans to Waley, 9 August 1932, 2A/61/7, (BEA).

  30. 30.

    HC Deb, 28 July 1954, vol. 531, cc.504-14, Hansard.

  31. 31.

    Minute by Financial Secretary, 27 April 1959, FCO141/2528, NA.

  32. 32.

    Foreign Office memorandum by K. J. Barnes, 2 March 1960, T220/1084, NA.

  33. 33.

    Higham, Treasury to Barnes, FO, 5 March 1960, T220/1084, NA.

  34. 34.

    Note by finance Division, Treasury, 1 February 1960, “to give the background for the urgent decisions to be made about the future servicing and the final redemption of the loan”, T220/1084, NA.

  35. 35.

    Palmella, treasury to Barnes FO, 31 January 1961, T220/1084, NA.

  36. 36.

    Second Draft of Finance Bill 1961, drawn up by the HP division of Treasury, 6 April 1961, T220/1084, NA.

  37. 37.

    Palmella, Treasury to Barnes FO, 31 January 1961, T220/1084, NA.

  38. 38.

    HC Deb, 17 April 1961, Vol. 638, cc71-2W, Hansard.

  39. 39.

    1961 Finance Act , 9 & 10, Eliz 2, c.36, Part III, General and Supplementary 36 (1–4), 19 July 1961. See Appendix.

  40. 40.

    Chancellor, Selwyn Lloyd to Governor of the Bank of England , 12 November 1965, File labelled “Destruction” inside the back of 4A77/1, BEA.

  41. 41.

    From Secretary to the Treasury to Governor and Deputy Governor of the Bank of England , 12 November 1965, File labelled “Destruction” inside the back of 4A77/1, (BEA).

  42. 42.

    Anderson (1964, 57).

  43. 43.

    Chamberlain (1976, 231–245).

  44. 44.

    Gilbert (1988, 1125).

  45. 45.

    Esteves and Tunçer (2013).

  46. 46.

    Tunçer (2015, 163–164).

  47. 47.

    Munroe (1938, 26).

  48. 48.

    Neocleous (2014, 162–166).

  49. 49.

    Christodoulou (1992, 117–118).

  50. 50.

    R. J. Vile, “Report on the Financial Position of Cyprus”, 14 March 1958, CO926/832, NA.

  51. 51.

    Meyer (1959, 249–250). See also Apostolides (2010, 1).

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  1. Nicosia, Cyprus

    Diana Markides

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Markides, D. (2019). Epilogue. In: The Cyprus Tribute and Geopolitics in the Levant, 1875–1960. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13777-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13777-9_7

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