Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Survival or Extinction? pp 83–95Cite as

Smugglers and Smuggling Routes

  • 781 Accesses

Abstract

Once the animals have been poached, these are the key components of the next stage of the illegal trade.

Keywords

  • Ivory smugglers
  • Ivory smuggling routes
  • Rhino smuggling hubs
  • ETIS
  • Airports

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Milliken T. and Shaw, J. (2012) The South Africa – Viet Nam Rhino Trade Nexus: A deadly combination of institutional lapses, corrupt wildlife industry professionals and Asian crime syndicates. TRAFFIC, Johannesburg, South Africa, p.32.

  2. 2.

    TRAFFIC research in South Africa, 2012.

  3. 3.

    Smith, 2012b in Milliken and Shaw (n.1).

  4. 4.

    Moneron, S., Okes, N. and Rademeyer, J. Pendants, Powder and Pathways, TRAFFIC, East/Southern Africa Regional Office, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa, p.10.

  5. 5.

    Jo Hastie, Julian Newman and Mary Rice Back in Business: Elephant Poaching and the Ivory Black Markets of Asia Environmental Investigation Agency, 2002, p.3.

  6. 6.

    Ibid.

  7. 7.

    Varun Vira, Thomas Ewing and Jackson Miller Out of Africa: Mapping the Global Trade in Illicit Elephant Ivory Commissioned by Born Free and carried out by C4ADS, published 2014.

  8. 8.

    Ibid.

  9. 9.

    Ibid, see p.20.

  10. 10.

    Ibid.

  11. 11.

    Rossi A. (2018). Uganda Wildlife Trafficking Assessment. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

  12. 12.

    The UNODC Wildlife Crime Report 2016 in Rossi (n.152).

  13. 13.

    Rossi (n.11).

  14. 14.

    Nowell et al. 1992 in Milliken and Shaw (n.1).

  15. 15.

    Milliken and Shaw (n.1).

  16. 16.

    Ibid, p.133.

  17. 17.

    TRAFFIC monitoring 2011 in Milliken and Shaw (n.1), p.133.

  18. 18.

    Ibid, Khong and Quang 2008.

  19. 19.

    Robertson in Symposium on Combating Wildlife Crime: Securing Enforcement , Ensuring Justice, and Upholding the Rule of Law . The Proceedings Editors Kala K. Mulqueeny and Francesse Joy J. Cordon, 2014.

  20. 20.

    Ibid.

  21. 21.

    Ibid.

  22. 22.

    TRAFFIC Bulletin, April, p.28.

  23. 23.

    Milliken Tom Elephants Report of 16th CITES Meeting, TRAFFIC Bulletin, Vol. 25 No.2, October 2013, p.60.

  24. 24.

    Daniel Stiles Ivory Trafficking in California, USA 2014.

  25. 25.

    Environmental Investigation Agency The Shuidong Connection: Exposing the global hub of the illegal ivory trade 2017.

  26. 26.

    Ibid, p.2.

  27. 27.

    Ibid, p.7.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lancashire Law School, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK

    Bridget Martin

Authors
  1. Bridget Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Martin, B. (2019). Smugglers and Smuggling Routes. In: Survival or Extinction?. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13293-4_9

Download citation

search

Navigation