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Calcium Signaling pp 827–855Cite as

Calcium Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1131))

Abstract

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal signaling ion, whose major informational role shaped the evolution of signaling pathways, enabling cellular communications and responsiveness to both the intracellular and extracellular environments. Elaborate Ca2+ regulatory networks have been well characterized in eukaryotic cells, where Ca2+ regulates a number of essential cellular processes, ranging from cell division, transport and motility, to apoptosis and pathogenesis. However, in bacteria, the knowledge on Ca2+ signaling is still fragmentary. This is complicated by the large variability of environments that bacteria inhabit with diverse levels of Ca2+. Yet another complication arises when bacterial pathogens invade a host and become exposed to different levels of Ca2+ that (1) are tightly regulated by the host, (2) control host defenses including immune responses to bacterial infections, and (3) become impaired during diseases. The invading pathogens evolved to recognize and respond to the host Ca2+, triggering the molecular mechanisms of adhesion, biofilm formation, host cellular damage, and host-defense resistance, processes enabling the development of persistent infections. In this review, we discuss: (1) Ca2+ as a determinant of a host environment for invading bacterial pathogens, (2) the role of Ca2+ in regulating main events of host colonization and bacterial virulence, and (3) the molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling in bacterial pathogens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA

    Michelle M. King, Biraj B. Kayastha & Marianna A. Patrauchan

  2. Department of Microbiology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA

    Michael J. Franklin

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    Md. Shahidul Islam

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King, M.M., Kayastha, B.B., Franklin, M.J., Patrauchan, M.A. (2020). Calcium Regulation of Bacterial Virulence. In: Islam, M. (eds) Calcium Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1131. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_33

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