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Intrathecal Agents and Algorithms: Review of PACC 2012 and 2017 Guidelines and Beyond

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Deer's Treatment of Pain

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Abstract

Intrathecal (IT) drug delivery has been increasingly utilized as an analgesic option for patients with chronic refractory pain since its origins in the 1980s. Since 2000, the Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference (PACC) has developed an IT drug selection algorithm and has continually updated consensus opinions on the safety and efficacy of IT based on best evidence, literature review, and expert opinion. Although there are newer technologies that have become available for pain control, specifically spinal cord stimulation with nonparesthesia systems (high frequency and burst), intrathecal therapy is still a reliable and durable method of delivering analgesia, especially for complex and multiple areas of pain.

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Recommended Reading

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stanford Pain Management Center, Redwood City, CA, USA

    Michael S. Leong

  2. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Lynn K. Ngai

  3. Hartley Medical Center Pharmacy, Inc., Long Beach, CA, USA

    William A. Stuart

Authors
  1. Michael S. Leong
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  2. Lynn K. Ngai
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  3. William A. Stuart
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael S. Leong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA

    Timothy R. Deer

  2. Evolve Restorative Center, Santa Rosa, CA, USA

    Jason E. Pope

  3. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Tim J. Lamer

  4. Pain Diagnostics and Interventional Care, Sewickley, PA, USA

    David Provenzano

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Leong, M.S., Ngai, L.K., Stuart, W.A. (2019). Intrathecal Agents and Algorithms: Review of PACC 2012 and 2017 Guidelines and Beyond. In: Deer, T., Pope, J., Lamer, T., Provenzano, D. (eds) Deer's Treatment of Pain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12281-2_82

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12281-2_82

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12280-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-12281-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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