Abstract
With twenty cities from fifteen representative climate regions of North America as external conditions, fifteen groups of exterior walls are constructed in WUFI Plus and simulated for annual hygrothermal performance of the exterior walls, indoor hygrothermal environment and HVAC demand of the enclosed space units. The HAM model based on Künzel equations is analyzed and compared with the widely used Glaser model. Suggestions are given for the studies on similar hygroscopic materials and their application in building envelope, in terms of the meteorological parameters, material parameters and evaluation methods. In the study on the application of bamboo, as a hygroscopic material, in building envelope, particular attention should be paid to the moisture process. As described in Chap. 1, the accurate description of moisture process requires method change from the static evaluation with Glaser model to the dynamic simulation with HAM model. In order to clarify the difference between HAM and Glaser models and determine the impact of meteorological data and material parameter on the simulation results of the heat and moisture process in building envelope, the HAM model based on the Künzel equations is analyzed in this chapter. Model groups for comparison are constructed and simulated in WUFI Plus, a coupled heat and moisture process simulation computer program based on the Künzel equations, which is developed by Fraunhofer IBP.
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Notes
- 1.
As described in Chap. 1, HAM model is coupled of heat, moisture, and air, and the coupling of air only occurs when there is a pressure difference between indoors and outdoors, which is not considered in some models such as the Künzel model. These models without air coupling are actually the ‘coupled heat and moisture model’, referred to as HM model, which is regarded as a case of HAM model in this study.
- 2.
A detailed introduction of WUFI’s explanation on driving rain can be seen in the documents from the Fraunhofer IBP Hygrothermics Department.
- 3.
Note: there are normally two levels to judge the strength of significance correlation, namely the significant correlation at 0.01 level and at 0.05 level. The former means that the confidence level is 99%, and the latter 95%. The smaller level of significance means stronger judgment confidence. As to the hypothesis testing, the abnormal value of the test statistic usually has two sides, of which the left side of the probability distribution curve corresponds to the excessively small values, and the right side to the excessively large values. In general, small probability events at both tail ends of the probability distribution curve should be considered, which is called the ‘two-tailed test’. But if it can be determined in advance that a small probability event does not exist on one side, than the hypothesis testing can be carried out only on the other side, which is called the ‘single-tailed test’. The two-tailed test is generally considered to be more rigorous and persuasive.
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Huang, Z. (2019). Model Study on the Application of Bamboo in Building Envelope. In: Application of Bamboo in Building Envelope . Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12032-0_2
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