Conclusion

Abstract

Classical engineering approaches as well as recent sophisticated multi-physics approaches have been presented in this report, as relevant tools to study and appraise the behavior of reinforced concrete structures when subjected to high temperatures. From an engineering point of view, concrete is generally considered as an homogeneous material, at a macroscopic scale, but such an approach relies mostly on empirical behavior laws, and might not be sufficient to evaluate, in a predictive way, the risk of spalling of a given structure. For this purpose, it is necessary to take into account the real complex nature of the material in order to describe internal phenomena which occur under thermal loading.