Abstract
In this chapter you will have a medical perspective of cancer, how it is diagnosed and treated. In particular we focus on the crucial role of pathology assessment for diagnosis/staging and guide patient treatment/management. We will give an historical view of pathology, how it evolved through the centuries from the standard histopathology methods to this new era of molecular analysis. Also, we will generally describe the different treatment options available. Then, through the discussion of three case studies we will illustrate how pathology evaluation (classical and molecular) gives a window to tumor biology, providing a framework for patient treatment and follow-up.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Bell KJL, Del Mar C, Wright G, Dickinson J, Glasziou P (2015) Prevalence of incidental prostate cancer: a systematic review of autopsy studies. Int J Cancer 137:1749–1757
Sidiropoulou Z, Vasconcelos AP, Couceiro C, Santos CD, Araujo AV, Alegre I et al (2017) Prevalence of silent breast cancer in autopsy specimens, as studied by the disease being held by image-guided biopsies: the pilot study and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 7:193–199
F Z, Zanatta A, Thiene G (2014) An etymological “autopsy” of Morgagni’s title: De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis (1761). Hum Pathol 45(1):12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2013.04.019
Titford M (2010) Rudolf Virchow: cellular Pathologist. Lab Med 41(5):311–312
Guerrera F, Tabbò F, Bessone L, Maletta F, Gaudiano M, Ercole E, Annaratone L, Todaro M, Boita M, Filosso PL, Solidoro P, Delsedime L, Oliaro A, Sapino A, Ruffini E, Inghirami G (2016) The Influence of tissue ischemia time on RNA integrity and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) engraftment rate in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) biobank. PLoS One 11(1):e0145100
Spruessel A, Steimann G, Jung M, Lee SA, Carr T, Fentz AK, Spangenberg J, Zornig C, Juhl HH, David KA (2004) Tissue ischemia time affects gene and protein expression patterns within minutes following surgical tumor excision. BioTechniques 36(6):1030–1037
Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK, Gershenwald JE, Compton CC, Hess KR, Sullivan DC, Jessup JM, Brierley JD, Gaspar LE, Schilsky RL, Balch CM, Winchester DP, Asare EA, Madera M, Gress DM, Meyer LR (2017) AJCC cancer staging manual, 8th edn. Springer: American Joint Commission on Cancer [cited 2016 Dec 28]. Available from: http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319406176#aboutBook
Cordon-Cardo C (2001) Applications of molecular diagnostics: solid tumor genetics can determine clinical treatment protocols. Mod Pathol 14:254–257
Cordon-Cardo C, Kotsianti A, Verbel DA, Teverovskiy M, Capodieci P, Hamann S, Jeffers Y, Clayton M, Elkhettabi F, Khan FM, Sapir M, Bayer-Zubek V, Vengrenyuk Y, Fogarsi S, Saidi O, Reuter VE, Scher HI, Kattan MW, Bianco FJ, Wheeler TM, Ayala GE, Scardino PT, Donovan MJ (2007) Improved prediction of prostate cancer recurrence through systems pathology. J Clin Invest 117(7):1876–1883
https://www.nature.com/scitable/content/principles-of-fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-35120
Kallioniemi A, Kallioniemi OP, Sudar D, Rutovitz D, Gray JW, Waldman F, Pinkel D (1992) Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors. Science 258(5083):818–821
Ahn JW, Coldwell M, Bint S, Mackie Ogilvie C (2015) Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) for detection of genomic copy number variants. J Vis Exp (96):e51718. https://doi.org/10.3791/51718. https://www.jove.com/video/51718/array-comparative-genomic-hybridization-array-cgh-for-detection
JoVE Science Education Database (2018) Genetics. Expression profiling with microarrays. JoVE, Cambridge, MA. https://www.jove.com/science-education/5547/expression-profiling-with-microarrays
van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver MJ, He YD, Hart AA, Mao M, Peterse HL, van der Kooy K, Marton MJ, Witteveen AT, Schreiber GJ, Kerkhoven RM, Roberts C, Linsley PS, Bernards R, Friend SH (2002) Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415(6871):530–536
Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, Boldrick JC, Sabet H, Tran T, Yu X, Powell JI, Yang L, Marti GE, Moore T, Hudson J Jr, Lu L, Lewis DB, Tibshirani R, Sherlock G, Chan WC, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Armitage JO, Warnke R, Levy R, Wilson W, Grever MR, Byrd JC, Botstein D, Brown PO, Staudt LM (2000) Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 403(6769):503–511
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2001) Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409(6822):860–921
Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2008) Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways. Nature 455(7216):1061–1068
Crowley E, Di Nicolantonio F, Loupakis F, Bardelli A (2013) Liquid biopsy: monitoring cancer-genetics in the blood. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10(8):472–484
Domínguez-Vigil IG, Moreno-Martínez AK, Wang JY, Roehrl MHA, Barrera-Saldaña HA (2017) The dawn of the liquid biopsy in the fight against cancer. Oncotarget 9(2):2912–2922
Thompson JC, Yee SS, Troxel AB, Savitch SL, Fan R, Balli D, Lieberman DB, Morrissette JD, Evans TL, Bauml J, Aggarwal C, Kosteva JA, Alley E, Ciunci C, Cohen RB, Bagley S, Stonehouse-Lee S, Sherry VE, Gilbert E, Langer C, Vachani A, Carpenter EL (2016) Detection of therapeutically targetable driver and resistance mutations in lung cancer patients by next-generation sequencing of cell-free circulating tumor DNA. Clin Cancer Res 22(23):5772–5782
Wong R, DeCosse J (1990) Cytoreductive surgery. Surg Gynecol Obs 170(3):276–281
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100:57–70
Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, Berger ER, Small EJ, Penson DF et al (2010) Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 363:411–422
Ryan E, Sheahan K, Creavin B, Mohan HM, Winter DC (2017 Aug) The current value of determining the mismatch repair status of colorectal cancer: a rationale for routine testing. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 116:38–57
Ryan E, Sheahan K, Creavin B, Mohan HM, Winter DC (2017) The current value of determining the mismatch repair status of colorectal cancer: A rationale for routine testing. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 116:38–57
Drost J, Clevers H (2018) Organoids in cancer research. Nat Rev Cancer 18:407–418
Fior R et al (2017) Single-cell functional and chemosensitive profiling of combinatorial colorectal therapy in zebrafish xenografts. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 201618389. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618389114
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Castillo-Martin, M., Ribeiro, J. (2019). Case Studies: Molecular Pathology Perspective and Impact on Oncologic Patients’ Management. In: Fior, R., Zilhão, R. (eds) Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer. Learning Materials in Biosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11812-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11812-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11811-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11812-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)